题干

儒家学说作为中国传统文化的主流思想,经历了一系列的发展和演变。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:哲学家们在晚周(注:春秋战国)时期大动乱的形势下,力图提出稳定社会和安抚人心的原则。

——【美】伯恩斯等《世界文明史》

材料二:其实儒家思想取得胜利是一个缓慢的过程,两汉400余年,它渐渐由孔孟时期的原始儒学衍化为掺杂了诸子思想和古代迷信的庞杂思想体系……与其说儒家思想征服了汉代学者,不如讲是汉代学者改造了儒家思想。

——【美】费正清《中国—传统与变迁》

材料三:三大思想家的政治思想在本质上仍是儒家的模式,但是在这一模式内部注入了时代的气息,是传统与时代、先验与经验的结合。

黄宗羲在《明夷待访录》中认为“世儒不察,以工商为末,妄议抑之”;黄宗羲在《原君》中宣称皇帝乃是“天下之大害”;顾炎武在《亭林文集》卷四《与人书二十五》中提出“君子之为学,以明道也,以救世也。徒以诗文而已,所谓雕虫篆刻,亦何益哉”!

——黄晓军《明末清初三大思想家的政治思想》

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阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a pit(深坑).When the other frogs saw how 1 the pit was, they told the two frogs that they2as well wait to die. The two frogs ignored the comments and tried to jump3 the pit with all their4 The other frogs kept telling them to5,and that they were as good as dead. Finally, one of the two frogs listened to what the other frogs said and6.He fell down and died.

    The other frog continued to jump 7 and try his best. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the8and just die. He jumped even harder and finally9 it. When he got out, the other frog said," Didn't you 10us?" The frog explained to them that he was a little 11.He thought they were 12 him the entire time rather than advising him to stop the pain of struggle.

    This story teaches us two13: First, there is the power of life and14 in words. An encouraging word to someone who is15 can lift him up and help him make it through. Second, a(n) 16 word to someone who is down can be what it takes to kill him.

Be careful of 17 you say. Speak positively to those who cross your path.The power of words is so great; it is18 hard to understand that an encouraging word can go such a(n) 19 way. Anyone can speak words that tend to rob(掠夺)another of the20 to continue in difficult times.The individual who will take the time to encourage another is special.