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    Our love of music and appreciation of musical harmony (和声) is learnt and not based on natural ability, a new study by University of Melbourne researchers has found. The researchers said previous theories about how we appreciate music were based on the physical functions of sound, the ear itself and a born ability to hear harmony.

    The study shows that musical harmony can be learnt, and it is a matter of training the brain to hear the sounds. So if you thought that the music of some foreign culture (or Jazz) sounded like the crying of cats, it's simply because you haven't learnt to listen by their rules.

    The researchers used 66 volunteers with a range of (一系列的) musical training and tested their ability to hear combinations (组合) of notes (音符) to determine if they found the combinations familiar or pleasing. They found that people needed to be familiar with combinations of notes. If they couldn't recognize the notes, they found the notes dissonant. This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming (声称) that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive.

    The study found that trained musicians were much more sensitive (敏感的) to unpleasant notes than non-musicians. When they couldn't find the note, the musicians reported that the sounds were unpleasant, while non-musicians were much less sensitive. This shows the importance of training or nurturing (培养) the brain to like particular sound of combinations of notes, like those found in jazz or rock.

    Depending on their training, a strange chord (和弦) sound was pleasant to some musicians, but very unpleasant to others. This showed us that even the ability to hear a musical note is learnt.

    To confirm (证实) this finding, they trained 19 non-musicians to find the notes of a random (随机的) selection of western chords. Not only did the participants' ability to hear notes improve rapidly; the chords they had learnt sounded more pleasant—regardless of (不论) how the chords were played.

    The question of why some combinations of musical notes are heard as pleasant or unpleasant has long been debated. “ We have shown in this study that for music, beauty is in the brain of the beholder(观看者),” a researcher said.

请将如图所示各仪器的读数填入相应的空格处：

温度计读数　 ____　℃，物块重力　 ____　N，纪念币直径　 ____cm，电阻箱读数　 ____　Ω．

阅读下面的文言文，完成小题。
                                                                                                     （甲）
      初，权谓吕蒙曰：“卿今当涂掌事，不可不学！”蒙辞以军中多务。权曰：“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!但当涉猎，见往事耳。 卿言多务，孰若孤？孤常读书，自以为大有所益。蒙乃始就学。及鲁肃过寻阳，与蒙论议，大惊曰：“卿今者才略，非复吴下阿蒙！”蒙曰：“士别三日，即更刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎！”肃遂拜蒙母，结友而别。
                                                                                                     （乙）
      祖莹，字元珍，范阳遒人也。父季真，位中书侍郎、钜鹿太守。
      莹年八岁能诵《诗》《书》；十二为中书学生。耽书，父母恐其成疾，禁之不能止。
      常密于灰中藏火，驱逐僮仆，父母寝睡之后，燃火读书，以衣被蔽塞窗户，恐漏光明，为家人所觉。由是声誉甚盛，内外亲属呼为“圣小儿”。尤好属文，中书监高允每叹曰“此子才器，非诸生所及，终当远至。”
      时中书博士张天龙讲《尚书》，选为都讲。生徒悉集，莹夜读书劳倦，不觉天晓，催讲既切，遂误持同房生赵郡李孝怡《曲礼》卷上座。博士严毅，不敢还取，乃置《礼》于前，诵《尚书》三篇，不遗一字。 讲罢，孝怡异之，向博士说，举学尽惊。后高祖闻之，召入令诵五经章句，并陈大义，帝嗟赏之。以才名拜太学学士。