题干

1937年,某报纸评论:“平时军人开小差,一般人夸为精明干练;今日壮丁逃兵役,人人普遍骂为冷血动物。”这主要是因为(     )

A:井冈山根据地创建

B:百团大战鼓舞人心

C:抗日救亡运动高涨

D:抗日战争即将胜利

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C

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阅读理解

    Below is a selection about Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.

    Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records

    ♦ Fastest 100 m running on all fours

    The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to CWR, their biggest day of record-breaking ever, I- h more than 290.000 people taking put in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was port of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with "super powers". His "super power" is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.

    ♦ Most people inside a soap bubble

    The Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana, Califomia celebrated this year the 15th anniversary of the Bubble (泡泡) Festival. A bubble's math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three-week-long exhibition. The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program. Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making. The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for mow people inside a scup bubble and they succeeded.

    The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it. The record was set or. April 4, 2011.

    ♦ Longest ears on a dog

       A bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured a dog. The right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches. The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner.

Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title. Each of his ears measured approximately 11. 5 inches long. His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record, but when he died Mr.Jeffries look over.

    ♦ Most living generations

    Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generation in one family? Seven is the answer.

    The ultimate authority on record-breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great-great- great-great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung "aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great grand-daughter aged 52, her great-great grand-daughter aged 33 and her great-great-great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great-great-great-great grandson on January 21, 1989".

    ♦ Most T shirts worn at once

Believe it or not, there is a record also for this category. Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22, 2010 for wearing 245 T-shirts at the same time. The nun from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record bolder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T-shirts in 1ess than two hours. . The T-shirts weighted 68 KG and Budiseli said he began struggling around T-shirt No. 120. He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 T-shirts.

    ♦Heaviest pumpkin

    Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9. 2010 that a gigantic pumpkin (南瓜) grown in Wisconcin was officially the world's heaviest. It weighed 1,810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota. Stevens' pumpkin was 85 pounds Javier than the previous re I, another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio. The proud farmer said his secret is a precise of rain, cow mature, good soil, sea grass and fish emulsion. Some of the world's heaviest pumpkins, including the record bolder, were on public display at the Bronx Botanical Gardens in New Yost for a dozen days.

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中国石拱桥

茅以升

    ①石拱桥的桥洞成弧形,就像虹。古代神话里说,雨后彩虹是“人间天上的桥”,通过彩虹就能上天。我国的诗人爱把拱桥比作虹,说拱桥是“卧虹”“飞虹”,把水上拱桥形容为“长虹卧波”。

    ②石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早。这种桥不但形式优美,而且结构坚固,能几十年几百年甚至上千年雄跨在江河之上,在交通方面发挥作用。

    ③我国的石拱桥有悠久的历史。《水经注》里提到的“旅人桥”,大约建成于公元282年,可能是有记载的最早的石拱桥了。我国的石拱桥几乎到处都有。这些桥大小不一,形式多样,有许多是惊人的杰作。其中最著名的当推河北省赵县的赵州桥,还有北京丰台区的卢沟桥。

    ④赵州桥横跨在洨河上,是世界著名的古代石拱桥,也是造成后一直使用到现在的最古的石桥。这座桥修建于公元605年左右,到现在已经一千三百多年了,还保持着原来的雄姿。到解放的时候,桥身有些残损了,在人民政府的领导下,经过彻底整修,这座古桥又恢复了青春。

    ……

    ⑤永定河上的卢沟桥,修建于公元1189到1192年间。桥长265米,由11个半圆形的石拱组成,每个石拱长度不一,自16米到21.6米。桥宽约8米,路面平坦,几乎与河面平行。每两个石拱之间有石砌桥墩,把11个石拱联成一个整体。由于各拱相联,所以这种桥叫做联拱石桥。永定河发水时,来势很猛,以前两岸河堤常被冲毁,但是这座桥却极少出事,足见它的坚固。桥面用石板铺砌,两旁有石栏石柱。每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子。这些石刻狮子,有的母子相抱,有的交头接耳,有的倾听水声,有的像注视行人,千态万状,惟妙惟肖。

    ⑥早在13世纪,卢沟桥就闻名世界。那时候有个意大利人马可·波罗来过中国,他的游记里,十分推崇这座桥,说它“是世界上独一无二的”,并且特别欣赏桥栏柱上刻的狮子,说它们“共同构成美丽的奇观”。在国内,这座桥也是历来为人们所称赞的。它地处入都要道,而且建筑优美,“卢沟晓月”很早就成为北京的胜景之一。

(选自茅以升《中国石拱桥》)