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美国《科学》周刊刊登了该杂志评出的2000年十大科学成就,人类基因组草图绘制名列榜首.

1990年,被誉为生命科学“登月计划”的国际人类基因组计划启动,主要由美、日、德、法、英等国科学家共同参与.1999年9月,中国作为唯一发展中国家加入了这一研究计划,负责测定人类基因组全部序列的1%.在 2000年6月26日 科学家成功绘制出人类基因组“工作框架图”之后,2001年2月12日,六国科学家又联合宣布,他们又绘制出更加准确、清晰、完整的人类基因图谱.基因测序结果表明:人类大约包含3万到4万个基因.这一重大成果标志着生命科学又向纵深迈进了一步,其重要性不亚于人类登上月球的“阿波罗计划”.

研究人员曾经预测人类约有14万个基因.但科学家这次研究确定了人类基因约为3万~4万个,只有酵母菌的4倍,果蝇的2倍,比线虫也仅多1万个基因,数量少得惊人.研究表明,人类蛋白质有61%与果蝇同源,43%与线虫同源,46%与酵母菌同源.人类17号染色体上的全部基因几乎都可以在老鼠11号染色体上找到,85%~95%的人类基因构成都与老鼠的基因构成相似.但人类基因的机能却远比其他动物复杂,人类基因是以命令人体制造特定蛋白质而行使其功能的,每个基因都可制造出十多种不同的蛋白质,简单生物便不能做到这一点.同时人类基因组编码的蛋白质活性也比其他生物强.

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    I went with some colleagues from my office for a dinner in a very popular local restaurant. It was 1 business time and the restaurant was packed. We 2 found a table in a corner for three of us.

    As soon as we sat down, we heard a crash when a cleaning boy 3 the floor with all the plates he was carrying. There was 4 and no one was saying or doing anything.

    In a flash I remembered my 5 many years ago. Once, I 6 in the airport because I had rushed there on my own on an empty stomach. I was picked up and taken care of by two 7. Now this was my chance to 8 it forward.

    I ran to the young man's side immediately, turned him on his back and screamed for someone to 9 a hot drink. Soon people started asking if I was a doctor. I said I was not, 10 I was skillful at blacking out(晕厥).

    The kid soon opened his eyes, 11 what had happened. I 12 him by saying it was OK and I had had a 13 experience. He had not eaten anything. I held the 14 drink to his mouth till he finished it and sat with him till he felt OK.By then the 15 had arrived. I asked her to give the kid something to eat. I offered to pay.

    The manager was kind enough to refuse the 16 and agreed to make sure the kid ate before he went home. By the time all this was 17 it was getting late for my colleagues. We hadn't 18 anything yet, so they decided to go home.

    I slowly walked home, not hungry any more, feeling 19 for the opportunity I pay forward the 20 I had received many years ago.