阅读下列材料，回答问题
材料一：未经议会同意，国王无权废除法律或停止法律的执行；未经议会同意，国王不能征税；不经议会同意，国王不能在和平时期维持常备军；议会必须定期召开；议会的选举不受国王的干涉。
                                                                                                                                                                         ——某文件
材料二：英国资产阶级革命从1640年的爆发到1688年的结束，经历了半个世纪的反复斗争，推翻了封建制度。它是人类历史上资本主义制度对封建制度的又一重大胜利。
（1）材料一中的文件是由哪个机构通过的？ 目的是什么？
（2）材料一的内容出自哪份文件？ 通过该文件，英国建立起什么样的政治制度？
（3）根据材料和所学知识，分析英国资产阶级革命爆发的根本原因是什么？
（4）目前世界上仍有一些国家实行与英国类似的政治制度，请你列举两例。

    I can't help but feel ____(concern) about the ____(destroy) of tropical forests. It is one of the most serious environment problems today. From ____ I know, people are damaging thousands of square ____(kilometer) of forests every day. This is killing hundreds of wild animals that live in the forests.

    ____(fortunate), we do nothing but talk about it. We don't do anything ____(protect) the forests. We need to stop people doing it. There should be ____(strong) laws. I think that people who cut ____ forests should go to prison. That's what should happen to people who destroy the forests and kill wildlife.

    In my opinion, we, human beings, must protect wildlife ____ future generations. Hopefully, our children ____(be) more responsible than we are today.

如图为12月22日甲乙丙丁四个城市昼夜长短示意图（阴影部分表示黑夜）．读图完成下题．