阅读下列材料：

材料一：无论商王或周王室，都有大批商贾为之采购珍奇物品。如商王室设有“多贾”管理王室商业。……多贾还供献香酒，参与商王祭祀祖先的仪式。“丁已小雨，佑多贾以鬯【chàng，祭祀用的香酒】”……，可见多贾在王室的地位是相当高的。

——冷鹏飞《中国古代社会商品经济形态研究》

材料二：末作奇巧（指商业、手工业）禁则民无所游食，民无所游食则必农，民事农则田垦，田垦则粟多，粟多则国富。国富者兵强，兵强者战胜，战胜者地广。……今为末作奇巧者，一日作而五日食（意为工商业一日之利，可供五日之需）。农夫终岁之作，不足以自食也。舍本事而事末作，则田荒而国贫矣

——《管子·治国》

材料三：商籍农而立，农赖商而行，求以相辅，而非求以相病，则良法美意，何尝一日不行于天下哉……官民农商，各安其所而乐其生，夫是以为至治之极

——（宋）陈亮《四弊》

请回答：

语法填空

    In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice-bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ____ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

    Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might ____ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____ (create) special design.

    The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, ____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ____ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

    Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ____ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ____ (be) too violent for use at the table.

    Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____ their hands.

①日本  ②英国  ③德国  ④美国  ⑤意大利