题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一    1935年1月,法、意签订罗马协定。意大利应允法、意两国在欧洲问题上,特别是在奥地利问题上采取妥协行动。也就是说意大利把侵略矛头调离巴尔干、地中海和小协约国地区,即离开法国的势力范围。法国则同意把突尼斯和法属索马里的某些利益让给意大利,并纵容意大利侵吞埃塞俄比亚。法国外长赖伐尔承认,“我把埃塞俄比亚赠送给他(墨索里尼)了”,“我把意大利的侵略矛头引向一边,因而拯救了法国”。

——摘编自王春良等《世界现代史》

材料二   我确信,您完全可以不必付诸战争,而且不用等待就会得到您想要的一切主要的东西。我相信,我们能。不管您对布拉格政府的意图是多么不信任,您不应该怀疑英国与法国政府的能力,各项允诺完全地、公正地立即付诸实现。如您所知,我已公开宣布,我们保证各项允诺将这样付诸实现。

——节选自英国首相张伯伦致希特勒的信(1938年9月28日)

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     A farmer had a brother in town who was a gardener, and his brother had a garden full of the finest fruit trees. So his skill and his beautiful trees were famous everywhere. One day the farmer went into the town to visit his brother, and was surprised at the trees that grew quite well.

      "Look, my brother," said the gardener. "I will give you an apple tree, the best from my garden, and you, and your children, and your children's children will enjoy it."

       Then the gardener called his workmen and ordered them to take up the tree and carry it to his brother's farm. They did so, and the next morning the farmer began to wonder where he should plant it.

"If I plant it on the hill," he said to himself, "the wind might catch it and shake down the delicious fruit before it is ripe. If I plant it close to the road, passersby will see it and take away the apples--but if I plant it too near the door of my house, my children may pick the fruit." So, after he had thought the matter over, he planted the tree behind his barn (谷仓).

      Time passed, but the tree had no fruit the first year, nor the second-then the farmer called his brother. When the gardener came, the farmer said angrily, "You have cheated me, and given me a useless tree instead of a fruitful one. This is the third year and still it brings out nothing but leaves! "

      The gardener laughed and said, "See where the tree was planted, it has no sun or warmth. How could you expect flowers and fruit?"