人体通过神经系统对外界或内部的各种刺激所发生的有规律的反应叫____，完成这种活动的结构基础是____．

阅读下文，回答问题

大数据

材料一：

       日前，2016年“数博会”在贵阳召开。此次“数博会”是贵州挂牌成为国家大数据产业综合实验区以来，首次举办的一次大数据交易、数字化产品展示、互联网技术交流的大型盛会。2014年起，大数据中心、呼叫中心先后落户贵州，伴随贵阳城区无线WiFi全覆盖的建成，让贵州从昔日工业时代的追随者，变成大数据时代的同行者，甚至是领跑者。据大数据中心的工作人员介绍，大数据是依托互联网优势，融合数据库资源、与计算技术、物联网技术而研发的大型数据交易中心。大数据存储容量特别大，预计未来全球存储总量将增至40ZB，即4000万亿亿字节；资源互为关联且覆盖面广；资源实时，更新快，最快可达1分钟，甚至几秒、几十秒的更新速度。

材料二：

       大数据来了，普通民众的手机多了一张免费的网，而公务员却多了一个“紧箍咒”。一款名为“数据铁笼”的APP，用大数据的方式将公务员的时间、权力管了起来。贵阳市交管局工作人员孙某某的每一天都有精确到秒的记录。与门禁卡、饭卡、公务消费卡相连接的考勤系统显示他4月某一天是这样度过的：早上8点40分22秒到达局大楼，两分钟后坐上电梯。中午12点18分出现在食堂吃饭，12点35分59秒离开，四分钟后回到办公室。下午15点12分35秒，通过公务卡网划一笔3561.00消费款到建行622*户头，中途还曾遇到钓鱼网站骚扰，还好有反诈骗引擎及时提醒，才无误地完成网上消费交易。17点52分45秒才下班回家，途中还接到400开头的一条诈骗信息。像“数据铁笼”这样的技术，同样可以运用到专门的反诈骗项目，可以利用大数据针对行骗者常用伎俩进行研究，以技术对技术，让行骗者无处遁形。

材料三：

       东方祥云的分责任李胜在1999年创办企业时，希望利用数据库对洪水进行预报来摆脱传统洪水预报方式的弊病。然而这条路并不好走，好几次公司都濒临死亡，为了生存，甚至还被迫倒卖过电脑。直到2015年，恰遇到贵州实施大数据战略，东方祥云获得了机遇。东方翔云的数据库借助大数据平台得以收集到全球所有公开的气象卫星遥感数据，各个主要河流的水文数据及各种图片、视频。现在可以将洪涝灾害的预测从20分钟延长到72小时。是大数据技术和水利的结合让东方翔云大数据项目在中国“云上贵州”商业模式大赛中一炮打响，获得最高奖﹣﹣“云端大奖”，并获得500万元扶持资金。

材料四：

       有人对2015年反信息诈骗联盟发布的大数据作了如下统计：

表一：

表二：

（以上材料来自《南方周末》《人民日报》等，略有改动）

在太阳系八大行星中，与地球毗邻的是（    ）

    Calorie(卡路里)counts are everywhere. They appear on restaurant menus, milk boxes and bags of baby carrots. Grocery stores display lots of foods packaged with bright and colorful “low-calorie” claims.

    A calorie is the measure of stored energy in something---energy that can be released as heat when burned. The term calorie on food labels is short for kilocalorie. A kilocalorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. But what does boiling water have to do with your body's release of energy from food? After all, your body doesn't start boiling after eating. It does, however, chemically break down food into sugars. The body then releases the energy to fuel processes and activities throughout each hour of the day.

    Food contains three main types of nutrients that deliver energy: fats, proteins and carbs(碳水化合物). A process called metabolism(新陈代谢) first cuts these into small pieces; Proteins break down into amino acids(氨基酸), fats into fatty acids and carbs into simple sugars. Then, the body uses oxygen to break down these materials to release heat.

    Most of this energy goes toward powering the heart, lungs, brain and other vital processes. Exercise and other activities also use energy. If energy-rich nutrients aren't used right away, your body will hoard them---first in the liver(肝脏), and then later as body fat.

    In general, someone should eat the same amount of energy each day as his or her body will use. If the balance is off, they will win lose or gain weight. It's very easy to eat more calories than the body needs. Having two 200-calorie donuts in addition to regular meals could easily put teens over their daily needs. At the same time, it's nearly impossible to balance overeating with extra exercise. Running a mile burns just 100 calories. Knowing how many calories are in the food we eat can help keep the energy in and out balanced.