题干

隋、唐、宋三个王朝是我国古代经济发展的重要历史阶段。阅读下面材料,回答问题。

材料一:唐朝诗人皮日休诗:“尽道隋亡为此河,至今千里赖通波。若无水殿龙舟事,共禹论功不较多。”

材料二:为君之道,必须先存百姓,若损百姓以奉其身,犹割股以啖腹,饱腹而身毙。……朕当去奢省费,轻徭薄赋,选用廉吏,使民衣食有余,则自不为盗,按用重法邪?

——节选自《贞观政要》

原文大意是:作为一个君王,一定要使百姓能够生存。如果君王损害百姓的利益来达到享乐的目的,就好像是割自己身上的肉吃到肚子里,虽然肚子饱了,人却已经死亡。……我应当去掉奢侈,节省开支,减轻徭役,少收赋税,选拔和任用廉洁的官吏,使老百姓吃穿都有富余,那么他们自然就不会去做盗贼了,怎么能用严厉的刑法呢?

材料三:西汉、唐朝和北宋时期南北经济发展情况

朝代

南方

北方

人口(户)

占全国户口数的比例

人口(户)

占全国户口数的比例

西汉

2470685

19.8%

9985785

80.2%

唐朝

3920415

43.2%

5148529

56.8%

北宋

11224760

62.9%

6624296

37.1%

——摘自杨远《西汉至北宋中国经济文化向南发展》

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