题干

民主化进程是人类社会进步的重要体现。阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一:(清人赵翼说)“雍正年间,用兵西北……始设军需房于隆宗门内,选内阁中书之谨密者入直(值)缮写。”                                
——《檐曝杂记》
材料二:“本朝家法,自皇祖皇考以来,一切用人听言大权,从无旁落,即左右亲信大臣,亦未能有荣辱人、能生死者”。           
——清·乾隆(1735-1795在位)
材料三:“凡未经议会同意,以国王权威停止法律或法律实施之僭越权力,为非法权力。”
材料四:“中华民国之主权属于国民全体。……中华民国之立法权,以参议院行之。国务员于临时大总统提出法律案,公布法律,及发布命令时,须副署之。”
——《中华民国临时约法》(1912)
材料五:第一条 中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。第二条 中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民。人民行使国家权力的机关是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。第三条 中华人民共和国的国家机构实行民主集中制的原则。全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会都由民主选举产生,对人民负责,受人民监督。         
——《中华人民共和国宪法》1954年
请回答:
⑴材料一中“军需房”指清朝的哪个政治机构?它的设置说明了什么问题?
⑵依据材料二分析中国古代政治的基本特征。与材料二相比,材料三中英王的权力有何不同?据所学知识判断,材料三中的内容应出自英国的什么文件?
⑶据材料四判断,这一时期中国近代化探索主要是学习西方的什么?
⑷试结合所学知识分析材料五文献的性质。
⑸试依据上述五则材料,分析世界政治发展的趋势。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

⑴军机处 ;标志着我国封建君主集权的进一步强化。
⑵君主专制(或皇权专制 );君主权力受到议会的限制 ;《权利法案》。
⑶学习西方的政治制度。
⑷是我国第一部社会主义类型的宪法。
⑸从专制走向民主。

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    When you meet someone for the first time, you will get a quick idea in your mind of that person in the first moment. Your feelings about other people, however, are really just show the way that you look at yourself.

    So you can allow others to be the mirror to see your own feelings of self-worth more clearly. And, you can see the people you don't like as mirrors to show you what you are not accepting about yourself.

    To live peacefully with others, you will need to learn patience. A big challenge is to let your judgment of others be a lifelong research of yourself. Your task is to consider all the judgments you make onto others carefully and to begin to see whether you can use them to help yourself to become better.

    Several days ago I had a business lunch with a man who showed objectionable table manners. My first feeling was that he was impolite. When I noticed that I was judging him, I stopped and asked myself what I was feeling. I discovered that I was nervous to be seen with someone who was eating with his mouth open.I was very surprised to find how much I cared about how the other people in the restaurant judged me.

    Remember that your judgment of someone will not stop you from becoming like him. Just because I think my lunch partner impolite, it does not prevent me from looking or acting like him. In the same way, my patience to him would not make me eat food with my mouth open.

    When you get close to life in this way, those whom you hate and those whom you love can be seen as mirrors, guiding you to discover parts of yourself that you dislike and to accept your greatest personalities you are proud of.