American schools begin in September after a long summer holiday. There're two terms in a school year. The first term is from September to January, and the second term is from February to June. Most American children begin to go to school when they're five years old. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they finish high school.
      High school students take only five or six subjects each term. They usually go to the same classes every day, and they have homework for every class. After class, they do a lot of interesting things.
     After high school, many students go to college(大学). They usually have to pay a lot of money. So, many college students work after class to get money for their studies.

美国著名作家海明威曾提出文学创作的“冰山原则”，就是指用简洁的文字塑造出鲜明的形象，把自身的感受和思想情绪最大限度的埋藏在形象之中，使之情感充沛却含而不露、思想深沉却隐而不晦，从而将文学的可感性与可思性巧妙地结合起来，让读者在对鲜明形象的感受中发掘作品的思想意义。对上述材料理解正确的是（    ）

①高明的作家在进行文学创作时往往避免让自己的创作意图影响读者

②优秀的文学作品通常能有效地唤醒读者意识活动的主动性和创造性

③读者阅读的过程应是积极调动自身主观因素与作品内容契合的过程

④读者阅读时应充分调动主观能动性真实地还原作品中的场景与故事