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    If anyone can be called the greatest scientist after Albert Einstein, that person must be Stephen Hawking. On March 14, the world-famous British scientist died in Cambridge, UK, aged 76.

    Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England on 8th January 1942. He went to school in St Allbans, a small city near London. After leaving school, Hawking went to Oxford University. He studied math and science. Then, at the age of twenty, he became sick. He was so young, but the doctors said to his family, "He has only two more years to live." However, the doctors were wrong—he didn't die.

    Because of the illness, he could not walk or talk. But his illness didn't stop him from living a meaningful life. After Oxford, Stephen went to Cambridge University. Three years later. In 1965, he became a doctor of philosophy (哲学). Then in 1988, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time. It sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages.

    Although Hawking was such a disabled man, he made great success. He has received many awards and prizes for his work over the years, like the Albert Einstein Award. "Life is not fair." He once said. "You just have to do the best you can in your life. "

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同类题4

世界银行是联合国下属的经营国际金融业务的机构,也是世界上最大的发展援助机构之一。阅

读下列材料:

材料一:美国为了巩固并进一步发展其经济利益和领导地位,极力主张建立多边贸易体制,并希望借此取消许多国家实行的外汇管制和贸易体制。与此同时,英法等国希望通过建立国际金融机构以获得大量资金,从而为战后的经济重建提供保障。在共同利益的驱动下,召开了布雷顿森林会议,这次会议的一个主要成果就是成立国际复兴开发银行,后来称为“世界银行”。

材料二:但是在1948年后,欧洲各国主要依赖美国的“马歇尔计划”来恢复战后经济。与此同时,随着大批殖民地国家获得独立,这些新独立的国家急需大量资金来发展本国经济,由于这些国家数量众多,所需资金巨大,因此迫切需要在世界银行的帮助下开辟资金来源。在这种背景下,世界银行转而向发展中国家提供中长期贷款,利率一般低于商业银行的贷款利率。

材料三:一些发展中国家特别是重债穷国和最不发达的国家已经是债台高筑,无力偿还世界银行的贷款。世界银行的贷款往往选择那些回报率高,经济活力大、政治环境比较稳定的发展中国家。尽管世界银行提供了大量的援助促进发展中国家经济的发展,但其中上层人物从经济增长中获得的好处较多,而下层民众在其中受益较小。此外,世界银行的一些项目破坏了当地的人文和生态环境。

——以上材料均摘自翟涛《世界银行的作用和局限性》

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