牵牛花开绕满园

徐廷华

    ①夏日清晨，数丛牵牛花蓦地爬上了庭院中的篱笆顶梢，红的、白的、紫的小喇叭一朵朝天次第而开，楚楚动人。“素罗笠顶碧罗搪，晓卸蓝裳着茜衫。望见竹篱心独喜，翩然飞上翠琼簪。”杨万里把牵牛花比作少女，将牵牛花的形态、色彩、特性写得淋漓尽致。

    ②牵牛花又名喇叭花。俗话说：“秋赏菊，冬扶梅，春种海棠，夏养牵牛。”可见，在夏天的众多花草中，牵牛花无疑算得上是宠儿了。牵牛花是一种很勤劳的花。每当公鸡刚啼过头遍，绕篱萦架的牵牛花枝头，就开放出一朵朵喇叭似的花来。

    ③它开花的过程很奇特，先由螺旋的蕾头渐渐地展开，形成立体的小五角星状，再展开如旋转的风车状，扩张着变成稍大一点的五边形，最后才形成近似圆形的花冠，沐浴着晓雾，羞迎着阳光。人们在晨曦中呼吸着清新的空气，饱览着点缀于绿叶丛中的鲜花，真是别有一番情趣。缘于此，牵牛花又名“朝颜”。

    ④牵牛花还有个美丽的传说。传说很早以前，有一个村子，村中很多人得了一种怪病腹胀难忍、四肢肿胀、大便干燥。很多医生都治不好这种怪病。村里有个牧童。一日，他的牛突然开口对他说：“远方有一座大山，山中长着许多像喇叭的小花，找到了它的种子，就可以治好全村人的病。”牧童听后，带着干粮，牵着牛就去寻找远方的大山。历尽千辛万苦，终于找到了像喇叭一样的小花，并带着花的种子牵着牛回到家乡。得病的村民吃了花的种子，都神奇地恢复了健康。大家为了纪念牧童，把这种花的种子叫“牵牛子”，并把它种到地下，为更多的百姓治病。写《本草纲目》的李时珍对此解释说：“牵牛子能走气分，通三焦，气顺则痰逐饮消，上下通快矣。”

    ⑤艺术家、画家、诗人，绘画作诗赞颂牵牛花。著名的京剧表演艺术家梅兰芳特爱牵牛花。他认为，牵牛花是勤劳的使者，每天清晨吹响破晓的小喇叭，如雄鸡高歌，催人奋起。他常与牵牛花比赛，看谁起得最早。梅兰芳往往抢先一步，借着牵牛花晨曦开花之时，就苦练身段。他演《贵妃醉酒》中贵妃赏花的“卧鱼”身段，就是看花时受到的启发。每到牵牛花盛开时，他总要邀请著名画家齐白石、吴昌硕、徐悲鸿、张大千等到家中赏花作画。齐白石画了幅牵牛花送梅兰芳，上面题词：“百本奉牛如斗大，三年无梦到梅家。”并说自己画牵牛花，多以梅家牵牛花为“模特”。

    ⑥牵牛花不仅仅为现代人所喜欢，历代文人墨客也争相为牵牛花创作诗词歌赋。

    ⑦宋代林逋《牵牛花》诗云：“圆似流泉碧剪纱，墙头藤蔓自交加。天孙滴下相思泪，长向深秋结此花。”是说牵牛花的喇叭口，如流泉喷涌，又似淡蓝色的羽纱剪裁而成。旺盛的藤蔓在墙头上互相缠绕。每年七夕织女与牛郎相会，牵牛花一直要开放到深秋，好似牛郎、织女忠贞爱情的象征。

    ⑧宋代文同写的《牵牛花》诗，还赋予牵牛花新的寓意：“柔条百尺长，秀萼包千叶。不惜作高架，为君相引接。”把牵牛花搭架攀缘生长，寓意甘作人梯的高尚品质。

    ⑨细一观察，牵牛花果然不仅只在竹篱笆上，即便是一根细绳子，它照样能飞攀而上。简约的花形中蕴藏着一股力量，体现出一种积极向上的精神，让人钦佩。

（《光明日报》2017年8月18日）

在第八届夏季达沃斯论坛上，***说：“中国还是一个发展中国家，必须始终坚持经济建设为中心。发展是硬道理，是解决一切问题的根本。经济发展的方式不转变不行，经济发展不适度不行。当然，我们所说的发展，是就业和收入增加的发展，是质量效益提高和节能环保的发展，也就是符合经济规律、社会规律的科学发展。”

根据材料，运用辩证唯物主义相关知识，分析如何实现中国经济的科学发展。

①事物发展的道路是曲折的

②质变是量变的必然结果

③质变是一种渐进的、不显著的变化

④统一体的平衡和静止被破坏易导致质变

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Most drinks stating that they are fruit­flavored (水果味道的) contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission.

    “Shoppers need to check the labels (标签) before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non­existent，” said Food Commission spokesperson Ian Tokelove. “Food production is highly competitive. ____ It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked.”

    Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors. Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry­flavored products sold in stores. ____ Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit. In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar.

    ____ Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry­flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.

    ____ Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought. Under current UK law, food packages do not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. “Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packet with pictures of strawberries is misleading. ____ Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread,” Tokelove said. “It's time to take measures to protect the consumers' rights.”

A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.

B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.

C. They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.

D. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.

E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.

F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.

G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.