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世界被“发现”以后,人类的联系日益密切和加深。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一    欧洲探险家和他们的追随者在世界各地的民族之间建立了联系,在全球范围内形成“哥伦布交换”。16世纪伊始,天花、麻疹、白喉、百日咳、流行性感冒使美洲和太平洋岛屿上的土著居民人口数量锐减。小麦、葡萄、马匹、牛、猪等从欧洲来到了美洲。美洲的作物如玉米、马铃薯、番茄、花生等在非洲、亚洲和欧洲生根发芽。人类移民也自愿或者被迫地漂洋过海来到了新的土地上生活。

——据杰里·本特利等《新全球史》整理

材料二

  

图       19世纪中后期英国海外贸易线路图            

英国经济学家史丹莱·杰温斯描述19世纪中期的英国经济时说:“北美和俄罗斯的平原是我们的粮田;……在澳大利亚和新西兰放牧着我们的羊群;……印度人和中国人替我们种植茶叶,……我们的棉田,长期以来都是分布在美国南方,而现在差不多扩展到地球上各个热带地区去了。”

——周一良、吴于廑主编《世界通史资料选辑》

材料三  (世界性经济组织)对世界经济、特别是对西方国家的经济复兴和发展起到了积极作用,因而被公认为调整当代世界经济贸易和金融的三大支柱。……(它们)的出现标志着战后世界经济全球化趋势的开始。

——彭树智《世界史:现代史编(下卷)》

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    An Interview with Pascal De Sarthe

    French-born Pascal de Sarthe was self-taught and becoming more and more famous among the art businessmen in the 1980s. He became one of the most recognized gallery managers of the 21st century. He made Hong Kong his base in 2010. Today, with one gallery here and another in Beijing, he's clearly fallen in love with art.

    By Philippe Dova

    What made you decide to based in Asia?

    I have been coming to Asia since 1981, doing business first in Japan and Korea, then in the early 90s in Taiwan, China and Southeast Asia. Half of my business was in Asia and I quickly started spending two weeks of every month in his area. I made many friends with new collectors who were interested in both Western and Eastern art. In 2010, staying in Asia and opening a gallery in Hong Kong seemed like the natural thing to do.

    Why Hong Kong?

    There was nothing to indicate that Hong Kong would become the center of the Asian art market. However, there were the wonderful location, the tax(税)advantages and so on---everything just came together.

    Art Basel came to Hong Kong shortly after you did

    There was already Art HK, but after careful research of the market. I believed it was reasonable for Art Basel to take over Art UK.

    What will you be exhibiting at Art Basel this year?

    We'll be showing only postwar Asian artists and new-generation Beijing artists. At the same time, we'll be opening our new gallery in Wong Chuk Hang on the south side of Hong Kong Island.