题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一  春秋战国时期,诸侯割据纷争,社会急剧变化。儒、法、道、墨、阴阳的学派针对治理国家的问题提出自己的主张,各家学派之间进行激烈的论争,出现大放异彩的局面。

材料二  伏尔泰对孔子的思想极为推崇,“孔子”成为他敢于反抗专制的“守护神”。他把孔子的思想概括为“德治主义”,坚定地主张法国应该实行“德治主义"。                       ——《孔子思想对世界文明的影响》

材料三  文艺复兴是14-16世纪欧洲新兴资产阶级掀起的反封建的思想文化运动。这场运动冲破了封建神学对人的束缚,为资本主义的发展创造了必要的思想文化前提。

材料四  在 18 世纪的思想解放运动中,一批知识界精英表现出对理性力量的最大信任。……他们对现存制度,特别是 对教会的抨击是及其大胆的,他们为思想解放而斗争。             ——【美】马文·佩里《西方文明史》

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    Are you planning to go to university? ____Perhaps you will be choosing the classes you want to take, finding accommodation and enrolling in other activities. However, if you go to university in Chile there is something extra you must do before you can begin.

    An essential part of starting university in Chile is the “mechoneo”____ Students beginning their first year at university are “welcomed” by the older university students. They are taken from their classrooms on an unknown day and blindfolded. The older students tear their clothes, cut their hair, and cover them in raw eggs and other disgusting things.

    ____ This will be based on how well the students do the activities, and many students try very hard as they want to be the king or queen of the year. The older students then take away everything of the younger students and tell them they must go out onto the street and ask people for money. They will need to bring back a certain amount of money in order to be given their things back.____

    During March it is common to see new university students all around town wearing ripped, dirty clothes and covered in paint and mess. But the “mechoneo” is increasingly a source of dispute and debate. Some students see it as an important tradition and a unique experience that help new arrivals get to know everyone.____ There have been campaigns to ban or soften it in favour of more “positive welcomes'', and student organizations in some universities have voted to end the “mechoneo” completely.

A. It is an ancient university tradition here.

B. The younger students are forced to do games in dirty places.

C. The “queen mechona” and “king mechon” are chosen that day.

D. They have to do games and take up challenges for a whole day.

E. But others find it abusive, like a form of bullying.

F. What do you think you need to do in the first few weeks?

G. The money is then used to have a massive welcome party at night-time.