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       一提起卫星,同学们可能马上会想到一个大大的圆球。啊!那你们可没完全说对。卫星的形状可多了,有球形的、罐头形的,还有煤气罐那样的,以及锻炼身体的哑铃形的,也有的像纺锤,像风车,总之样子很多。有的卫星还拖着长长的尾巴,长着“翅膀”。

      卫星为什么有这么奇怪的形状呢?原来这是根据卫星的容积、科学研究目的、动力要求等决定的。首先看为什么做成球形的。几何知识告诉我们,同样表面积的物体做成球形时容积最大。我们知道,初期的运载火箭推力有限,如果把卫星制成球形的,就可以更有效地利用它的容积,装更多的仪器。那么为什么又制成旋转体呢(圆柱、棱柱、煤气罐等)?因为这样形状便于保持稳定运行,不至于随意乱翻乱滚。还有那张开的“翅膀”又是怎么回事呢?我们人要吃饭才能学习、工作,卫星里的仪器也要有动力才能工作。有些卫星上的动力是靠太阳能来供应的,这样除了卫星外面要“身披铠甲”以外,还要像帆船一样,给卫星装上帆板,这就是我们看到的“翅膀”。这“翅膀”上敷设的东西和卫星表面的“铠甲”一样,都是硅片制成的太阳能电池片。卫星上拖的长长的尾巴是无线电天线。这么一打扮,卫星可真像一个宇宙飞行的“怪物”了。

       但是,尽管外形千差万别,它们的基本结构是相同的,都包括这样几部分:轻合金的坚硬外壳,科学研究的仪器,灵敏的自动控制系统,动力装置。靠这些“五脏六腑”,卫星就可以自由飞翔了。

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    When I spent the summer with my grandmother, she always set me down to the general store with a list. Behind the counter was a lady like no one I'd ever seen.

    “Excuse me,” I said. She looked up and said, “I'm Miss Bee.”

    “I need to get these.” I said, holding up my list. “So? Go get them. ” Miss Bee pointed to a sign. “There's no one here except you and me and I'm not your servant, so get yourself a basket from that pile.”

    I visited Miss Bee twice a week that summer. Sometimes she shortcharged me. Other times she overcharged. Going to the store was like going into battle. All summer long she found ways to trick me. No sooner had I learned how to pronounce “bicarbonate of soda” and memorized its location on the shelves than she made me hunt for it all over again. But by summer's end the shopping trip that had once taken me an hour was done in 15 minutes.

    “All right, little girl,” she said. “What did you learn this summer?” “That you're a meanie!” I replied. Miss Bee just laughed and said, “I know what you think of me. Well, I don't care! My job is to teach every child I meet life lessons. When you get older you'll be glad!” Glad I met Miss Bee? Ha! The idea was absurd…

    Until one day my daughter came to me with homework troubles. “It's too hard,” she said. “Could you finish my math problems for me?”

    “If I do it for you, how will you ever learn to do it yourself?” I said. Suddenly, I was back at that general store where I had learned the hard way to add up my bill by myself. Had I ever been overcharged since?