题干

补写出下列名篇名句的空缺部分。
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同类题2

阅读下面选文,完成下列各题。
       ①蝴蝶喜欢飞来飞去,时而“狂随柳絮”,时而“舞入梨花”,但是不论在何处,它们一直腾挪翻转,从来不愿沿着平缓的路径飞行。蝴蝶的这种灵动舞步,长期启发着诗人和画家们的灵感,但也引起了人们的疑惑:既然蝴蝶有着(相对于它们而言)如此巨大的翅膀,应该能够很容易地协调飞行姿态,它们为何还要选择如此曲折颠簸的飞行方式呢?
       ②其实,这是蝴蝶对抗捕食者的一种进化策略,因为飞行的路径越古怪,捕猎者就越难抓到蝴蝶。与那些为了充分利用气体动力学而设计强壮翅膀的鸟类相比,蝴蝶并不是非常专业的飞行员,它们所追求的并不是飞行的速度和高度,而是敏捷的变向能力。而且,蝴蝶“乱飞”的好处不仅仅在于干扰捕猎者的预判,还能让捕猎者难以近身。日本京都大学的科学家们对蝴蝶的飞行方式做了流体动力学模拟,结果显示,蝴蝶在推进自身向前时伴随着许许多多的上升下落,这样可以在周围产生汹涌的气体湍流,这种湍流干扰了捕猎者的攻击路线。所以,毒性大的蝴蝶往往比无毒的蝴蝶飞得更平缓,因为它们不怎么屑于采用这种逃避的策略了。
       ③这种高难度的“乱飞”是如何做到的呢?为了弄清楚这个问题,美国康奈尔大学的科学家们研究了蝴蝶的身体特点。人们很久以来就知道,蝴蝶的前翅与它们的肌肉连接,而后翅只是被动地由前翅带动,似乎起不到什么作用。科学家们试着通过逐渐消减蝴蝶的后翅,来调查一下后翅的作用。他们发现,即使所有的后翅都被去掉,蝴蝶仍然可以持续地飞行,而且飞行路线仍然可以像往常那样曲折,但是飞行和转弯的速度慢了许多。很明显,蝴蝶的后翅并不用来提供飞行升力,而是专门用来增强身体转弯时的灵活性。
       ④美国约翰•霍普金斯大学的科学家也做了类似的研究,他们通过解剖估算了蝴蝶身体各个部分的重量,然后通过高速摄影机记录了蝴蝶的飞行运动,发现蝴蝶在飞行时,除了翅膀,其身体也承担了很重要的作用。蝴蝶可以改变身体和翅膀的相对位置来调整重心,增强身体的可操作性(比如转身),这就好像溜冰选手或者跳水运动员通过摆动手臂和腿来改变身体重力的空间分布,因此可以做出漂亮的动作。帝王蝶尤其精通此道,它们可以在比其自身身长还短的距离内实现90度转弯
       ⑤然而,蝴蝶还有一个令人疑惑的问题,它们大都色彩鲜艳,更容易引起捕猎者的注意,这似乎违反了蝴蝶的进化策略。现在科学家们发现,蝴蝶艳丽的外表体现了它们的生物智慧。蝴蝶最初是从飞蛾进化而来的,飞蛾喜欢夜间活动,它们率先进化出了大翅膀和闪避的本领对抗蝙蝠。蝴蝶只在白天活动,它们也有着巨大的翅膀,对于鸟类而言无论如何都是很容易看到的,于是它们索性将身体进化成很显眼的色彩,以此用作一种宣传﹣﹣蝴蝶是非常难捉的。如果一只年轻的缺乏狩猎经验的鸟儿看到了一只鲜艳的蝴蝶,它会想“哇哦,瞧瞧这块肥肉,它是我的了。”但很快这只鸟发现,蝴蝶不仅难以赶上,即使抓到了它们,它们也是很滑的,因为蝴蝶翅膀覆盖着鳞片,容易逃脱。久而久之,鸟就会意识到抓获蝴蝶实在是太费力了,渐渐地就失去了对蝴蝶的兴趣,转而考虑其他的猎物了。
       ⑥所以,蝴蝶以它独特的生物智慧,既保护了自己,又在自然界留下了一道艳丽的风景。

同类题4

阅读理解

    Well, parents, surprise! Lots of us are using Twitter and Facebook to thumb rides, and not just to school. It's awkward to be refused when you call a friend and ask for a ride. But with Twitter, you just look for other people heading the same way.

    It may sound risky, so many teens stay within their own social circles to find rides, and don't branch out beyond friends when asking on Twitter just like me, but to some young people, especially those taking longer trips, stranger danger is less of a concern.

    “I think the digital connection of young people is really important, because younger generations grew up sharing things on line, sharing files, photos, music, etc, so they've been very used to sharing,” said Juliet Schor, a sociology professor at Boston College.

    The sharing economy got big during the recession (经济衰退), allowing people to access more goods, services using technology and even to share costs. And that technology, for me, is what the car was for my mom, a gateway to more freedom, like what my friend Earl says, “The symbol of freedom isn't the car any more because there's technology out there connecting you to a car.”

    According to the researchers at the University of Michigan, 30 years ago, eight in ten American 18-year-olds had a driver's license compared to six in ten today. So it's not that surprising that on my 16th birthday I wasn't rushing to get a license but an iPhone.

“Driving, for young people, does mean they have to disconnect from their technology, and that's a negative. So if they could sit in the passage side and still be connected, that's going to be a plus.” Schor continued.

    To me, another plus is that ridesharing represents something, something much bigger than trying to save money. I see it as evidence that people still depend on each other. My generation shares their cars and apartments the way neighbors used to share cups of sugar. For the system to work, some of us still need our own cars. But until I get my own version of the silver Super Beetle, you can find me on Twitter.