材料一   汉武帝为了任用精通儒家学问的人为官，大力推行儒学教育，在长安设立大学，教授儒家经典；在地方设立官学，用儒家思想培训官员，教化百姓。

材料二  科举制…自产生之日起就确立了由政府出面招生，考生“皆怀牒（证件）自列于州县”的自由报考原则，不论贵族和平民皆可参加公开考试。 ﹣﹣杨齐福《科举制度与近代文化》

材料三   1898年7月，光绪帝正式批准设立京师大学堂，它的办学原则是：以中国的传统学科为主体，引进一些西方学科，构成中西结合的课程内容。

材料四  日本明治政府领导人…并不对西方文明本身感兴趣，而仅仅对其中增加了民族力量的那些组成部分感逃走．…他们提出了一个非凡的改革方案，宗旨在于建立一个强大的日本，而不是完全模仿西方国家。

记集合$T=\left\{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9\right\}$, $M=\left\{\frac{a_1}{10}+\frac{a_2}{{10}^2}+\frac{a_3}{{10}^3}+\frac{a_4}{{10}^4}|a_i\in T,i=1,2,3,4\right\}$,将M中的元素按从大到小排列，则第2013个数是（  ）

阅读下面的材料，完成下列各题。

    子曰：“非其鬼^①而祭之，谄^②也；见义不为，无勇也。”

（《论语•为政》）

    天下有中^③，敢直其身；先王有道，敢行其意；上不循于乱世之君，下不俗于乱世之民；仁之所在无贫穷，仁之所亡无富贵；天下知之，则欲与天下同苦乐之；天下不知之，则傀然④独立天地之间而不畏：是上勇也。

（《荀子•性恶》）

【注释】①鬼：这里指死去的祖先。②谄：谄媚。③中：中正之道，下文道，是正道。④傀然：坚定的样子。

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

    Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”? It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs, some people and some ways of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument, if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.

Put the chaffs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos, back to back. A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chaff facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.

    The game is easy. When the music starts, the players walk round the chairs. Everyone goes in the same direction, of course, they should walk in time to the music. If the music is fast they should walk quickly. If the music is slow, they should walk slowly.  

    The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. When the music stops, the players try to sit on the chairs. If a person cannot find a chair to sit on, he drops out: Then, before the music starts again, one chair must be taken away. When the music stops again, one more player will be out.

    At last, there will be two players and one chaff. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.

下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一项是(         )