题干

近代以来,经济全球化成为世界发展的一种趋势,然而全球化对各国的损益是有差异的。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 如果可以把1492年看作全球化的开始,那么大致可以看出全球化经历了这样几个阶段,首先是葡萄牙和西班牙人开创了现代全球化;然后是大英帝国、法国等欧洲国家开始大规模向全球殖民。

——白海军《大预言:2049年的世界》

材料二 在全球化潮流的冲击下,中国曾两次与世界接轨,一次给我们带来了屈辱和苦难,一次给我们带来了机遇和挑战……

材料三 二战使美国的力量空前强大,为美国按照自己的价值观和政治经济利益的要求建立美国主导下的资本主义世界秩序提供了前所未有的历史机遇,这一秩序的基础就是能够带来世界经济繁荣的所谓“全球自由经济体制”,其核心内容是各国按照比较优势原则从事国际贸易,输出或接受跨国投资,以此形成相互依存的世界体系,这种经济体系又必须由新的国际权力结构加以保障。因此,二战后美国外交政策的重点并不是对苏联的全面遏制,而是精心构建资本主义的全球体系。

——岳建勇《全球时代的美国与中国》

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    Twelve-year-old Leonardo was born in a poor family in Bambamarca in Peru. He knew how to read but he had never seen a book in his life. So he asked the new priest(牧师)in his village to give him one. But there was no electricity. So Leonardo borrowed candles from the church and sat up all night reading it. The next morning, he was at the door of the priest asking for another book to read.

    John Medcalf, the priest,was moved. He also realized that people would love to read if given a chance. But he knew how difficult it was for Leonardo and those in his village to get books. And yet, no one can be taught to read and write without books. To make people in a poor, faraway area grow to love books,they have to be with them. So he thought the only way was to bring books to people.

    But how could this be done? Mobile libraries or car libraries would be too expensive and difficult to continue in the rocky, hilly land of Peru. So what other method could be used?

    Medcalf got a new idea from the barefoot(赤脚)doctors of China. And that was how the barefoot librarians(图书管理员)first appeared in the villages of northern Peru,almost thirty years ago.

    The librarians began by going from village to village, lending books to villagers. They helped start The Rura1 Library Network of Peru.

    At first,they were teachers of the village schools which these faraway libraries belonged to. But the teachers were not very interested in the job because it meant a lot of hard work. So, village elders took on the job themselves.

    Today, there are 600 village libraries across Peru. The barefoot librarians who walk up to 15 hours a day with bags of books are their lifeline.