题干

物体由于运动而具有的能叫做动能,动能可用EK表示,物体的动能EK与物体的质量m、速度v的关系为EK=
1
2
mv2;物体由于被举高而具有的能叫做重力势能,势能可用EP表示,物体的重力势能EP与物体的质量m、高度h的关系为EP=mgh.
如图所示,一小球从斜面底端以初速度v沿光滑斜面向上运动(忽略外界阻力的影响).
请利用机械能守恒定律推导:小球能运动到斜面上的最大高度h=
v
2
2
g
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答案(点此获取答案解析)

解:根据题意:小球从斜面底端沿光滑斜面向上运动的过程中机械能守恒;
∴小球到达斜面最高点时动能全部转化为重力势能;
Ek=Ep,即:
1
2
mv2=mgh,

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阅读理解

    Increasingly, over the past ten years, people-especially young people have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers(化肥)widely used in farming today.

    Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming areas.

    Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures(生活状况). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry(家禽): there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.

    There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts in diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be additive: the quantity we use has grown steadily and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fibre.