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阅读下列散文,回答下面问题。

“心灵鸡汤”与“心灵鸭汤”

       ①鸡汤性温,营养丰富,以“补虚”而著称,可提高人体的免疫力,可助人病体早日痊愈,且味道鲜美可口,很受人们青睐。营养不良者,病后虚弱者,刚生育的产妇,都适宜进补鸡汤。

       ②正因为如此,人们把那些含有智慧、热量、催人进取的话语、段子、故事叫作“心灵鸡汤”。走进书店,这类书籍比比皆是,数不胜数。一开始,“心灵鸡汤”还挺受欢迎,毕竟是激励人们上进、引导人们走向成功的,多看看确实可以激发热情,鼓舞斗志。但看多了,也试过了,人们渐渐发现,“心灵鸡汤”里许多高明的道理,在实践中其实很难走得通,那些引为例证的成功楷模,也离自己很遥远。老喝这种“心灵鸡汤”会导致虚火上升,心头燥热,使人处于困窘状态。这个时候,就需要败火、降温了。

       ③说到败火、降温,鸭汤有此奇效。鸭汤性凉,有滋五脏之阳、清虚劳之热、补血行水、养胃生津的功效。尤其是盛夏酷暑,鸭汤能补虚损、消暑滋阳,为夏日滋补佳品。民间亦有“大暑老鸭胜补药”的说法。

       ④因而,我们不妨把那些教人冷静、劝人沉稳、阻人躁动的文字称为“心灵鸭汤”。这种文字朴实无华,没那么大的煽动性,但重理性、远情绪,注重理性分析,不搞狂热忽悠,目的是引人走向平和、务实、恬静、豁达、不在名利一棵树上吊死,不在成功一条道上走到黑。老庄哲学,陶渊明的田园诗,温庭筠的花间词,梁实秋的《雅舍小品》,徐志摩的《再别康桥》,朱自清的《荷塘月色》,汪曾祺的《受戒》,季羡林的《清塘荷韵》等都可算是“心灵鸭汤”,读这些东西,不会助你显达,但会给你一个轻松心情,使你被名利烧灼的心冷静下来。

       ⑤“心灵鸡汤”的核心是励志。(A)但励志是把双刃剑,人不能不励志,也不能升虚火。(B)志向太高脱离现实,就会处处碰壁,自寻烦恼;志向太大能力有限,就会志大才疏,捉襟见肘。譬如,“心灵鸡汤”里举的最多的那些成功范例,不是盖茨就是乔丹,不是爱迪生就是贝多芬,可这些人都是不世出的特例,是可遇而不可求,可羡而不可学的。倘著没有乔丹那身板,你就是每天练24小时,也难成“天皇巨星”;而少了贝多芬的天赋,即便终日泡在琴房里,也创作不出《英雄交响乐》那样的传世精品。

       ⑥而“心灵鸭汤”的特质是降温。酷暑难熬时,来一碗鸭汤可清热消暑,祛暑消疲;心烦气躁时,读几篇优雅清新的文章,看几个禅意沛然的小故事,亦可静心养气,凝神舒缓。当一个人被升官发财的欲火烧得浑身燥热时,读读严子陵钓鱼的故事;被名缰利锁缠得透不过气时,吟诵几段李叔同的佛诗、佛联;被追求成功的压力弄得如牛负重时,聆听一曲《渔舟唱晚》,或许就会使自己冷静下来,从容不迫。

       ⑦公允论之,“心灵鸡汤”之升温鼓劲,“心灵鸭汤”之降温放松,都不可或缺,各有其存在意义。心灰意冷时,需要来点“鸡汤”,读读《满江红》什么的,给自己打气、加油;心热气躁时,不妨喝点“鸭汤”,翻翻《菜根谭》一类,慰藉躁动的心绪,远离功利的诱惑。这就是林语堂说的那个话“中国人得意时信孔孟,失意时信老庄,左右逢源,有张有弛,决不会为难自己。”

       ⑧苏东坡就是典型,就看他的代表作《赤壁怀古》,前半阕“大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物”,何其壮怀激烈,催人奋进,犹如上好的“心灵鸡汤”;后半阕“人生如梦,一樽还酹江月”,又自我降温,进入务实之境,好比优质的“心灵鸭汤”。不夸张地说,命运多舛的苏东坡能一生潇洒,金刚不倒,就全仗这两碗汤伺候着。

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同类题3

阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    I was hurrying to our basketball game one morning when Hillary Barnes, the most popular girl in school, stopped me. "Are you the twin who won the art competition?" she asked.

    "No, that's Christine. I'm Katie." I said.

    We were not the same. In fact, we were quite dissimilar. She could beat Snow White in a beauty contest! Compared to Christine, I felt like one of Cinderella's ugly stepsisters.

    One Saturday Christine gave me a painting lesson because I was always trying to be artistic too. But I knocked over the vase of flowers. Instead of becoming angry, though, she turned the whole mess into a dreamy masterpiece*. You could look at it five different ways and see five different things. With this excellent creation, she won First Prize in the art competition. I really envied her, but I knew it wasn't her fault. I was the one with wild, unmanageable hair and no talent.

    Joining Christine's basketball team was my latest effort to be like her.

    On the way to the gym, I've made up my mind to give my best performance in that day's game. As soon as we arrived at the gym, I couldn't wait to warm up. "Christine, here!" I threw her a ball. It was too high and she missed it. The ball fell onto the recorder and broke it which was used to play the national anthem before each game.

    I apologized as I picked up the broken pieces of the recorder. Coach looked at the mess and asked, "How are we going to play the song now?"

    Christine suggested, "Let Katie sing it! She's always singing at home."

    Coach asked. "Would you?" I found myself nodding.

    Coach announced the national anthem and everyone stood. Standing before a microphone, I looked up to the flag. The notes seemed to flow from deep inside me, and my voice was clear. When I finished, the gym was silent. Then it was filled with applause. As the game started, teammates gave me the "thumbs up" sign.

    The next morning Hillary Barnes stopped me in the hallway and asked, "Are you the twin who sings?"

    "Yes, that's me." With smiles on my face, I walked to the classroom.