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霸权的兴衰  20世纪的两次世界大战改变了国际格局,其中显著的变化是世界权力中心的转移——英国的世界霸主地位被美国取代。试以“霸权的兴衰”为主题,叙述这一演变过程。

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一战后英国的世界霸权逐渐走向衰落,美国的势力迅速膨胀,双方的力量对比差距不断缩小。经济上,英国由债权国变为债务国,美国则成为世界最大的债权国。政治上,通过华盛顿会议签订的一系列条约,美国确立了在亚太地区的优势,而英国的海上霸权开始丧失。《威斯敏斯特法案》颁布后,英帝国的殖民体系日趋瓦解。二战彻底改变了美英的力量对比。经济上,按照《布雷顿森林协定》成立的国际货币基金组织和国际复兴开发银行构建了以美元为中心的世界货币体系。英国则因经济困难,只能接受“马歇尔计划”的援助。政治上,美苏两国迅速崛起,取代了英

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完形填空
   It was on such a cold morning, near Oxford Maryland.    1   I looked out of the window, I found the night’s snow had painted a completely white world. Suddenly a large Canada goose came into my sight. It was standing very still with   2 wings folded to its sides. Its feet were frozen to the ice of the river and it couldn’t move.
   Then from the dark sky, I saw a line of swans moving freely. When they noticed the goose, they landed on the ice as   3   as possible. As the 4  came close to the goose, I was          
    5  that those great swan bills might hurt the goose’s body.
    Amazingly instead, those bills began to  6 on the ice. It went on for  7  an hour. In the end, the goose was free. The swans rose again, and circled in the sky, waiting to see the   8  of their work.
   However, the goose was still standing on the ice and   9 fly because of some ice held in its feathers. Then four of the swans watching in the sky came down to help it move the     10  
away. Luckily, the goose was    11  and could move again.
  When the goose spread its wings to their fullest, the four swans flew up into the sky and joined the circling group. They went on their journey to their secret land. Behind them, the goose was flying with joy. It  12 them and joined the last end of the line.
    I    13them until they disappeared over the tips of the farthest trees. Only then did I realize that tears were running  14 my face. The swans were so warm-hearted that they        15the goose.
    This is a true story. I always think of it in the bad moments, and tell myself, “If so for birds, why not for man?”