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同类题2

阅读短文,回答问题。

从香菱学诗谈起

    ①《红楼梦》里有一段香菱学诗的故事,细读起来,颇受教益。

    ②香菱本来不懂诗,她随薛宝钗住进大观园后,见贾宝玉与众姐妹结社咏诗,才“苦志学诗”,她“天一亮就忙忙碌碌梳了头,去找黛玉改诗”。学习有了一点心得,就立即谈出来,向别人求教,听取指点帮助。众姐妹们称她为“诗魔”,拿她取笑,她行之若素。经多次请教,几易其稿,“精血诚聚”,终于写成了一首“新巧而又有意趣的吟月好诗”。

    ③这个故事启示我们,要虚心好学。

    ④_______________________________________________

    ⑤要不耻不知。科学社会主义的奠基人马克思的《资本论》的写作,正是从对政治经济学的“不知”开始的。1842年至1843年间,马克思和他的论敌发生了关于经济问题的论战。因为马克思当时还没有对经济进行深刻的研究,曾一度使他“陷入困难的境地”。他下决心研究它,终于战胜了论敌,并积累了大量材料,写成了《资本论》。马克思这种实事求是的精神,是我们学习的楷模。

    ⑥要不耻下问。《论语·公冶长》戴:“子贡问回:‘孔文子何以谓之文也?’子曰:‘敏而好学,不耻下问,是以谓之文也。”’意思是说,要不耻于向地位或学问比自己差的人学习。这就是成语典故“不耻下问”的由来。自古以来,有成就的读书人讲起经验,受过挫折的人谈到教训,往往都会谈到“不耻下问”。我国南北朝时杰出的农业学家贾思勰,一生孜孜不倦,刻苦攻读,知识渊博。他的《齐民要术》闻名于世。但是,这样一位有学识的科学家,还向当时被一些人认为最低贱的农夫求教。一些人知道了这件事,就冷嘲热讽地说:“赫赫有名的贾思勰,怎么还向学馆求教,岂不太失体面了吗?”但贾思勰毫不在意,坚持像小学生那样,拜能者为师。

    ⑦要不耻相师。古人说:“弟子不必不如师,师不必贤子弟子。”意思是说,甲老师并不一定样样都比弟子高明,弟子也不一定不如老师。乙每个人都有自己的长处和短处。认为只有样样胜过自己的人才可以拜他为师;是大可不必的。“梅须逊雪三分白,雪却输梅一段香。”一个人要想真有长进,并有所深造,不仅需要“梅须逊雪三分白”的而且还要有“雪却输梅一段香”的,放下架子,不耻相师。我国清代的张曜,因为有战功且不大识字,在朝上受了些气、他的妻子是个读书人,他决心跟妻子学字。一天他穿朝 服,三拜丸叩,拜妻子为师。从此他老老实实、恭恭敬敬地向妻子求教,知识一天天丰富起来,到他任巡抚的时候,有人说他“目不识丁”,他便上奏皇上面试,结果使一些抱有成见的人瞠目结舌,个个叹服。

    ⑧以上谈到的虚心好学的三个方面,有一个共同点,就是要从“不耻”开始,只有这样,才能真正掌握一些知识,学到一些本领。

同类题5

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Two hundred years after Charles Darwin's birth, studies have found new details of his life at the University of Cambridge. Six leather-bound ledgers (皮革账本) discovered in the university show this.____

    He lived in the most expensive rooms provided for a rich student at his time.____He had someone to clean his room, make his bed and take care of the fire in his bright rooms. He hired a dishwasher, a clothes washer and a man who cleaned his shoes. A tailor (裁缝), hatter and barber made sure he was well presented. A chimney cleaner and a coalman kept his fire going. Christ's College's basic food was meat and beer.____

    Darwin's bill topped 636 pounds during his three years of study at Cambridge. Later he described this time as the most joyful of his happy life. That large sum (金额) would have been fairly common for a student at Cambridge in the 19th century.

    ____

    In those days Cambridge was full of rich students living a pretty good life and Darwin was just one of them.____And thus he had plenty of time for socializing or private study. He would be out shooting, collecting beetles, doing his scientific hobbies or visiting friends. He played cards and drank wine at night, just like students always have.

A. Thanks to the richness, he was able to hire servants to help with the daily life.

B. The findings were published on the Internet.

C. So he paid five and a half pence extra each day to have vegetables.

D. He enjoyed the kind of comfortable university life that most of today's students can only dream about.

E. He had several people to help him to deal with the daily housework.

F. When you look at the ledgers, you can find there were many rich students in Cambridge.

G. The bills were paid by his wealthy father, Robert Darwin, a doctor.