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送天台陈庭学序

宋濂

      西南山水,惟川蜀最奇。然去中州万里,陆有剑阁栈道之险,水有瞿唐、艳滪之虞。跨马行,则竹间山高者。累旬日下见其巅际。临上而俯视,绝壑万仞,杳莫测其所穷,肝胆为之悼柔。水行则江石悍利,波恶涡诡,舟一失势尺寸,辄糜碎土沉,下饱鱼鳖。其难至如此,故非仕有力者,不可以游,非材有文者,纵游无所得;非壮强者,多老死于其地。嗜奇之士恨焉。

       天台陈君庭学,能为诗,由中书左司掾,屡从大将北征,有劳,擢四川都指挥司照磨,由水道至成都。成都,川蜀之要地,杨子云、司马相如、诸葛武候①之所居,英雄俊杰战攻驻守之迹,诗人文士游眺饮射赋咏歌呼之所,庭学无不历览。既览必发为诗,以纪其景物时世之变。于是其诗益工。

       越三年,以例自免归,会予于京师。其气愈充,其语愈壮,其志意愈高,盖得于山水之助者侈矣。

       予甚自愧,方予少时,尝有志于出游天下,顾以学未成而不暇。及年壮可出,而四方兵起,无所投足。逮今圣主兴而宇内定,极海之际,合为一家,而予齿益加老耄矣。欲如庭学之游,尚可得乎?

       然吾闻古之贤士,若颜回、原宪②,皆坐守陋室,蓬蒿没户,而志意常充然,有若囊括于天地者。此其故何也?得无有出于山水之外者乎?庭学其试归而求焉,苟有所得,则以告予,予将不一愧而已也。

       [注]①杨子云,即杨雄,西汉著名文学家、哲学家;司马相如,西汉著名文学家;诸葛武侯,即诸葛亮。②颜回,即颜渊;原宪,即子思。二人都是孔子的学生。

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Dear Helen,
      Thanks for your last letter. Yes, I'm enjoying myself on my exchange program in France. It's even better than I thought it would be. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be. My host family are really nice. They go out of their way to make me feel at home. And you wouldn't believe how quickly my French has improved! I'm very comfortable speaking French now. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn't make me worried as it used to. My biggest challenge (挑战) is learning how to behave (表现) at the dinner table. As you can imagine, things are really not the same as the way they are at home. For example, you shouldn't put your bread on your plate. You should put it on the table! I thought that was very strange at first, but now I'm used to it. You shouldn't eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit! (You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork.) Another thing is that it is very rude to say you're full. If you don't want any more food, you should just say, “It was delicious.” Also, it's rude to put your hands in your lap. You should always keep your hands, but not your elbows (肘部), on the table. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I'm gradually getting used to things and don't find them so strange any more.
      I'll write soon and tell you more about life in France. Hope you're having a good school year.
Yours,
Li Ying