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材料:金太宗生前,在女真政治家宗幹的主持下,欲废除女真旧俗,整顿朝廷的勃极烈制度,削弱由宗翰(粘罕)等把持的元帅府权力,在全国实行汉官制改革,未及行而死。熙宗即位后,继承了太宗改革的遗志,废除朝廷的国相勃极烈制,置三师(太师、太傅、太保)、尚书省,由尚书有左、右丞相兼领中书、门下二省,由三师并领三省事。颁行新官制和“换官格”,实行新的法制《皇统制》,创建猛安谋克屯田军,实行“计口授地”,基本上完成了金政权封建改革,废除了多种制度并存,而把州县制和女真猛安谋克制统一在封建政权之下。海陵王于天德二年(1150)下令废除行台尚书省,政今统一于朝廷。正隆元年(l156)又废除中书、门下二省及领三省事,只置尚书省,尚书省直属皇帝。

——摘编自白寿彝主编《中国通史》

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    Phone Soap: Charge and Clean Your Phone

    You may charge your phone every day, but do you clean your phone as much? Whatever your hands touch, your phones touch. It has been discovered that some phones have 18 times more bacteria and viruses than any surface in a public restroom. So it probably won't surprise you that a 2011 University of London study found that one in six of our phones have bacteria and viruses on them—specifically, the bacteria called E. coli.

    The research on bacteria and viruses led to the invention of Phone Soap. It is not actually liquid like dishwasher soap. It is a phone charger that uses the electromagnetic radiation (辐射) used in hospitals to kill 99.9 percent of bacteria and viruses, cleaning your phone while it charges.

    “There are really certain types of bacteria and viruses that we should not be in touch with, and they are really on our phones,” says Wes Barnes, the Phone Soap co-founder. It all started while his cousin and co-founder, Dan LaPorte, was in his cancer research lab at college. “He realized he got the idea of getting rid of bacteria and viruses on the phones,” said Barnes. “In the lab they used UV-C light for destroying them. He realized this would be the fastest, most powerful way to kill any bacteria and viruses living on electronic machines.”

    Phone Soap looks like a little metal suitcase. Your phone rests in to charge and get cleaned at the same time. Instead of plugging your phone into the wall, you'd plug it into the Phone Soap charger box. The process only takes a few minutes but, Barnes says, “The idea is that you can leave it in there overnight if you want to keep charging. Reflective paint keeps the light completely around the phone so it cleans the phone fully.”

    The co-founders spent 2013 finding the right companies and they started shipping the product in late November. By last week's International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Phone Soap was all grown-up. Both co-founders have left their previous jobs and are selling Phone Soap nonstop. “We're shipping almost more than we can handle each day,” Barnes says. “It's been a great adventure.”