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    大家可以翻一下唐史,唐太宗同时代的人在赞颂唐太宗时,用了一个说法“神武同于魏祖”。“魏祖”就是曹操,表明当时的人非常敬佩曹操。可是宋朝以后曹操的形象就慢慢地变了,因为他挟持天子,名不正则言不顺,宋代非常忌讳这种违背伦理的人。历史上的曹操和文学作品中的曹操是不同的,我们后来的历史将曹操的形象窄化了,这是非常可惜的事。我们现在只有通过他的文字,才能感觉到他有趣的复杂。最复杂的就在“月明星稀,乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝,何枝可依?”这几句,它是对生命的彻悟。可是接下来的笔锋马上又转了。“山不厌高,海不厌深。周公吐哺,天下归心。”“周公吐哺”是在讲周公礼贤下士,在这里,曹操就完全是周公了。魏晋社会的伦理架构已经开始松动、瓦解,当时文人最大的特殊性在于开始去思考人活着的意义到底是什么,而不再是接受别人给予的意义。陶渊明要走出社会的伦理,他在背叛社会,曹操也一样在背叛。曹子建的《洛神赋》写自己爱上一个水上的女神,也是背叛伦理,因为这个女神是以他的嫂嫂为原型的。美和伦理不同,可是在此以前,所有的文学都必须在道德的旗帜下发展,合于道德的,才合于美。魏晋时期,美开始有了独立的地位。伦理道德和审美是两个很不同的领域,可是彼此之间又有错综复杂的关系。这两个领域在曹操身上是最明显的。曹操其实是有能力篡位的,但他到最后也没有,他去世之前一直自称丞相,就是不要皇帝的位置,可见曹操这个人真的很特别。

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    The O. Henry Museum

    The aim of the O. Henry Museum is to collect, preserve, and interpret artifacts,works and archival (档案的) materials relative to the author, for literary» educational, and historical purposes that are accessible to the public. The museum was set up in 1934, under the authority of the City of Austin, and is both a National Register Property and a National Literary Landmark.

    The O. Henry Museum is open from Wednesday to Sunday, noon to 5:00 pm. Admission is free. Tours are also available for free. Please contact the museum at least one week in advance to schedule a tour for a group of 10 or more. Metered parking is available on the street in front of the museum. The museum's gift shop has for sale T-shirts, coffee mugs, DVDs, and an array of books by and about O. Henry.

    Group tours:

    We ask for one-week advance notice of groups more than 10 people, including schools, church groups, and organizations.

    Donations:

    Donations greatly benefit the museum and its programs. Inquire about contributing.

    Volunteer:

    Contact us about volunteering at the museum. We are currently in need of a gardener and a volunteer docent (讲解员).

    Staff:

    Valerie Bennett, Curator valerie. bennett@ci. austin. tx. us

    Michael Hoinski, Culture & Arts Education Specialist michael. hoinski@ci. austin. tx. us

    Elizabeth Taylor, Docent

    Location: 409 East Fifth Street, Austin, Texas 78701