Alibaba opened China's version of Amazon's cashier-less store, “Tao Cafe” at its second annual Taobao Maker Festival taking place from 8—12 July, and then showed it to the public. By scanning a QR code（二维码）on Taobao app at the entrance of the store« consumers are tracked with cameras for facial recognition. After going through the checkout doors, customers will automatically make a purchase through their smartphones without needing to head to a register and be able to leave the store with what they buy in hand.

    The company, putting its efforts in Artificial Intelligence and data technologies, caused some ripples（波动）among offline retailers （零售商）. But if you think the e-commerce giant plans to get a slice of the physical-store pie, then you might get it wrong: “It's not about Alibaba wanting to open more cafes, we are not in the restaurant business.” it's about digitalizing the footprints of the visitors to an offline store, '' said Chris Tung, chief marketing officer of Alibaba Group.

    He said, for example, in the online world, Alibaba can always personalize every web page based on users interest and preference thanks to big data, “When you open our app, every moment is different.” But on the other hand, “offline is becoming not so exciting anymore”, because many physical stores are always found to be very similar with no variation.

    Tung said offline retailers could improve by adopting online data competence to link the identity of the customers» and optimize（优化）their in-store shopping experience. So in this sense, after physical stores have an understanding of what their customers need online, then they can allocate the products in the physical offline store accordingly. He further explained the pop-up Tao Cafe is one of the ways to present this “new retail” idea and opens up people's thinking and calls for more partnership.

“散文”何谓

郭英德

    在中国古代文化语境中，作为一种文体，“散文”的内涵和外延一直相当模糊。

    首先，以韵律作为分类标准，“散文”可以与“韵文”相对称。古人曾经在“韵”“散”区别的意义上，界说“诗”与“文”两种文体，有时称为“韵语”和“散语”；有时称为“诗律”与“散文”；有时则分辨押韵与不押韵，将不押韵的文本称为“散文”。但是，在中国古人的文体辨析中，是否有韵律，并不足以区分“诗”与“文”，我们既不能说散文是非韵文，也不能说非韵文即散文。

    其次，以语体作为分类标准，“散文”可以与“骈文”相对称，排比俪偶为“骈文”，散行直言为“散文”。“散文”与“骈文”相对称的文体意义，到南宋时开始逐渐确立，并大量使用。如吕祖谦认为：“散文以深纯温厚为本，四六须下语浑全，不可尚新奇华巧而失大体。”他说的“四六”即指骈文。但是，奇偶相生、骈散相杂，原本就是汉语文章的特点。因此在历代写作实践中，骈散之分，从来都是相对的而非绝对的，骈文容有散行之气，散文也不乏骈偶之语。周必大早就认识到：“四六特拘对耳，其立意措辞，贵浑融有味，与散文同。”所以今人也常常以“散文”统称散体文与骈体文，甚至统称赋，并从学理上探求其相通相融，认为古典散文的研究应该包括骈文和赋在内。

    第三，以典籍目录作为分类标准，“散文”隶属集部典籍，经籍、史籍、子籍之文不属于“散文”。南朝梁萧统编纂《文选》，基本上采取了这一选文标准。但是谁也无法否认，经籍、史籍、子籍之中包含着大量的散文（或称“古文”）。经籍如《尚书》《春秋左氏传》，后人称为“史传散文”；《论语》《孟子》，后人称为“诸子散文”；即便《礼记》中的诸多篇章，也进入后人的“散文”视野。所以刘熙载说：“《六经》，文之范围也。”在中国古代典籍文献中，早就形成一个以经部为源头与规范，史部、子部分流殊派，集部蔚为大观的“散文”世界。

    因此从整体上看，中国古代散文历时久远，歧义纷呈，旁枝杂出，的确难以“正名”。“散文何谓”，这恐怕已经是，并且永远是一个难以准确回答、也不必准确回答的问题。

    当然，中国古代散文的体制、语体、体式无论多么纷繁，多么变动，就其内涵而言，应该有着一脉相承的审美对象和精神结构，借用萧统《文选序》的概括，就是“事出于沉思，义归乎翰藻”。我觉得，这一概括，虽然模糊，却也实用，不仅可以指称古代的散文，也可以指称现当代的散文。至于“散文”的外延，完全可以是流动性、开放性、包容性的，因时不同，因体不同，甚至因人不同。“定体则无，大体须有”，这是文体的特质，其实也是“文学”的特质。

    因此，从汉语文章的实际出发，“中国古代散文”不能仅限于那些抒情写景的所谓“文学散文”，“而是要将政论、史论、传记、墓志以及各体论说杂文统统包罗在内，不仅如此，而且连那骈文辞赋也都包括在内”（郭预衡《中国散文史·序言》）。这种广义的“散文”观念，超越了20世纪以来学术界对“散文”的内涵与外延的纷繁歧异的辨析，更为符合中国古代文学的实际面貌。

2017年3月15日，第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议，表决通过了民法总则，民法总则自2017年10月1日起施行。这表明（    ）

①法律是由国家制定或认可

②全国人民代表大会具有立法权

③依法治国要先做到有法可依

④我国重视对公民权利的司法保障

Dear Abby，

    I'm a helpless mother. My son Tom is 15 years old. I find that the older he grows, the less we talk. I feel very sad and I really need help.

    My first problem is about his hobbies. He spends almost all his spare time on computer games. When he gets home, he always turns on the computer and closes the door. I'm getting worriedabout him, especially when his English teacher tells me he always gets low marks in the English exams.

    Second, he likes newtechnology，but I don't have enough money and I can't afford all the things he wants.

    Recently, I've foundthat he is always alone. I've never seen him talking to his friends on the phone or going out with anyone on weekends. That is the last problem I have.

    What should I do to help him? Pleasegive me some advice.

A helpless mother