题干

阅读下面两段文言文,完成下列各题。

     【甲】天时不如地利,地利不如人和。三里之城,七里之郭,环而攻之而不胜。夫环而攻之,必有得天时者矣,然而不胜者,是天时不如地利也。城非不高也,池非不深也,兵革非不坚利也,米粟非不多也,委而去之,是地利不如人和也。故曰,域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利。 得道者多助,失道者寡助。寡助之至,亲戚畔之。多助之至,天下顺之。以天下之所顺,攻亲戚之所畔,故君子有不战,战必胜矣。

(选自《孟子》)

     【乙】凡治国之道,必先富民。民富则易治也,民贫则难治也。奚以知其然也?民富则安乡重家,安乡重家则敬上畏罪,敬上畏罪则易治也。民贫则危乡轻家,危乡轻家则敢陵上犯禁,敢陵上犯禁则难治也。故治国常富,而乱国常贫。是以善为国者,必先富民,然后治之。

(选自《管子》)

     【注释】①奚:疑问代词,相当于“何”。②陵:侵犯,这里是违抗的意思。③犯禁:触犯禁令。

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       There is a very instructive incident involving the life of Alexander, the great Greek king. Alexander, after conquering many kingdoms, was returning home. On the way, he fell ill and it took him to his death bed. With death staring him in his face, Alexander realized how his conquests, his great army, his sharp sword and all his wealth were of no consequence. So, he lay helplessly waiting to breathe his last. He called his generals and said, “I will depart from this world soon, I have three wishes, please carry them out without fail.”

    “My first desire is that,” said Alexander, “My physicians alone must carry my coffin.” After a pause, he continued, “Secondly, I desire that when my coffin is being carried to the grave, the path leading to the graveyard be strewn(撒满) with gold, silver and precious stones which I have collected.” The king continued, “My third and last wish is that both my hands be kept hanging out of my coffin.” Alexander's favorite general kissed his hand and pressed them to his heart. “Oh King, we assure you that your wishes will all be fulfilled. But tell us why do you make such strange wishes?”

     At this Alexander took a deep breath and said, “I would like the world to know of the three lessons I have just learnt. I want my physicians to carry my coffin because people should realize that no doctor can really cure any body. They are powerless and cannot save a person from the clutches of death. So let people not take life for granted.

      The second wish of strewing gold, silver and other riches on the way to the graveyard is to tell people that not even a bit of gold will come with me. I spent all my life earning riches but cannot take anything with me. Let people realize that it is just a waste of time to chase wealth.

       And about my third wish of having my hands hanging out of the coffin, I wish people to know that I came empty-handed into this world and empty-handed I go out of this world.” With these words, the king closed his eyes. Soon he let death conquer him and breathed his last.