阅读材料，回答问题。
材料一：1649年1月30日下午，伦敦 天气格外阴冷。白金汉宫外广场上，人头攒动。一位衣着华丽的犯人被推上了断头台，掀开了英国历史重要的一页。
材料二：1789年7月14日，巴黎城中枪声四起，愤怒的市民拿起武器同军警展开激战……这一天揭开了法国大革命的序幕，成为法国的国庆日。
——摘自人教版《世界历史》九年级上
材料三：在那个距今二百年前的时代里，殖民地联合起来挑战宗主国是破天荒的大事，宣布独立的北美13个英属殖民地，在欧洲的法兰西等国家的支持下，与大英帝国的战争一直艰苦地打了八年，才最终赢得了独立。”
请回答：
（1）材料一描述的 “一位衣着华丽的犯人”指的是谁？从政治经济两方面概括17——19世纪该国成为世界大国的主要原因。
（2）材料二描述的是什么具体历史事件？在这一场大革命中法国颁布了哪一部重要的历史文献？拿破仑是法国历史上的一位风云人物，他对法国历史的重要贡献和影响是什么？
（3）材料三中的“北美13个英属殖民地”宣告独立的文件是什么？ “与大英帝国的战争”是什么性质的战争？北美领导这场战争的主要领导人是谁？

下列命题中的假命题是(   )

    These days it is found that school students hardly have any sports. Is it because they have no 1 in sports? It may not be true. They often say they have 2 more important things to do.

    What are these important things? Exams! They have to 3themselves ready for all kinds of exams and tests in school. So many of them almost4bookworms(书呆子). In the past in the summer holidays, they could do5 they liked, but now they have to 6all their time preparing. So 7 have kept them away from going in for sports.

    Because of the pressure(压力) from 8 parents and teachers, they  9 to work harder and spend most of their time10 books. As for the students themselves, they don't want to11 the lessons because they want to further their studies. So it is necessary to give 12 of their spare time to their studies and 13 up their school sports.

    It's true a good education cannot go without physical training, the14 is true a quick mind hardly goes along with a 15body. Without a strong body, you can never do anything well, how can you make great success in life?

说出下列句子运用的修辞手法

我又哼起“天上的桃树……”于是，走来了我的童年，走来了我童年的老师，还有二牛、二兰和石花……____