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同类题2

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“绿色”浅层地温能

    ①你听说过“浅层地温能”吗?它是蕴藏在地表以下一定深度(一般小于200米)范围内岩土体、地下水和地表水中,一般低于25℃的热能。浅层地温能的来源以太阳辐射为主,还有一小部分来自地心热量。

    ②我们的地球可以称得上是一个巨大的热库,它的资源量非常丰富,其内部的总热能约为地球储存的全部煤炭所蕴含能量的1.7亿倍,具有经济价值的浅层地温能大约是现在全球能源消耗总量的45万倍。据专家测算,我国地处北纬30°~42°的许多城市,地下近百米深度内,土壤中每年可采集的浅层地温能能量是目前国内发电装机容量的3750倍,地下水中每年可采集的浅层地温能能量也有2亿千瓦。

    ③浅层地温能是一种清洁无污染的能源。这种能源的开发利用只需消耗少量的电能,就可以提取大量的能量,也不向大气排放二氧化碳等气体,对外界环境影响极小。由于浅层地温能资源无处不在,人们可以就近利用,就地取(排)热,为建筑物供暖或制冷,而地下水的水质、水量不发生任何变化。与传统能源相比,可节省大量运输、传输和存放成本。

    ④可见,浅层地温能具有众多的优点,开发利用浅层地温能已是社会发展的必然趋势。现在的问题是,我们该如何利用这种比人类体温还要低很多的能源呢?科技人员采用了“热泵”原理。“热泵”和“水泵”类似。大家熟悉“水泵”吧,它是一种利用管道将水从低位抽到高位的机械,只不过“热泵”传递的是热能。我们居住的室内环境和地层土壤中的温度一般情况下具有一定的温差。冬季时,我们利用热泵可以把地下的热能“抽”出来,供给室内采暖;夏季时,再把室内的热能“取”出来,排放到地下储存起来。这样,可以通过自然和人工等补给方式,保持地温能量的动态平衡,使浅层地温能得以长期循环利用。无论是冬季还是夏季,水都是传递热能的载体,被加热后以便用来储存热量。由于电流只是用来传热,而不是用来产生热,因此热泵只需消耗较少的能量便可以提供较多的能量,通常情况下热泵每消耗1000瓦的能量,就可以得到4000瓦以上的能量。

    ⑤浅层地温能在过去一直被人们忽视,但随着地球能源的大量消耗,能源危机日渐凸现,浅层地温能的开发利用将会越来越受到国际社会的重视。

(根据《百科知识》等有关资料综合编写而成)

同类题5

   Eileen Collins is the first woman ever chosen to be a spaceship pilot. She is also the first woman to command(指挥) a spaceship. Today she has flown more than 5, 000 hours in more than 30 kinds of airplanes.
   Talking about high school, she said, “I began reading all kinds of books about famous women pilots. These women went and flew into dangerous places. Their stories encouraged me.” In 1977 Eileen got a pilot’s license and the following year she graduated from university. She went into space in 1999 at the age of 43. She took with her the hopes and dreams of a nation of young people on the earth.
   Eileen is not only an astronaut but also a wife and the mother of a young daughter. She has short curly hair and friendly brown eyes. She met her husband, Pat, while they were together in the air force(空军).
   When she was named as the First Woman Spaceship Commander in 1998, Eileen smiled and said, “When I was a child, I dreamed about space. It was only a dream that I would be one of the astronauts someday. I hope all children will be encouraged to reach for their dreams, when they see I go into space. I believe dreams do come true!”  
____ How many hours has Eileen flown?
                                                                             
____ When did Eileen go into space?
                                                                             
____ What does Eileen look like?
                                                                             
____ Who did Eileen meet in the air force?
                                                                             
____ Did Eileen believe that her dream would come true?