如图所示的电路中，电源电压U=6V电阻R₁=6Ω，电阻R₂=4Ω，求：

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叶子姐姐在研究磁场对电流作用的实验中，将直导线换作一块厚度为b、宽度为d的导体板．如图1所示，将电压表连在导体板的两侧，发现电压表的指针发生偏转，说明导体板两端存在电压，这个电压叫霍尔电压．叶子姐姐进一步做了如下实验：

    Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they have no teeth or claws. But plants can protect themselves in both physical and chemical ways.

    Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly(冬青) have sharp prickles(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower places have more prickles than leaves on upper places. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak trees(橡树), have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material, and eating such grasses wears down the animals' teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter(苦) or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a worm bites a tobacco leaf (烟叶), the leaf produces a chemical smell. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly leaves, and each prickle has poisonous water(毒液). Only one experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.