In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The ___ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of ___ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

How did we ___ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to ___ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. ___ modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and ___.

Another cause is our ___of disposable(一次性的)products. As ___ people, we are always looking for ___ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ____ thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

Our appetite for new products also ____ to the problem. We are ____ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ____ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ____ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

All around the world, we can see the ____ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To ____ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ____, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ____, this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.

Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ____ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ____. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

The news which the English examination will be reformed has caused a big“earthquake”in our country.  Many people, included students, are for it. But there is also some people who are against it. Personal, I think the reform had both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it can reduce students' learning burden and enable English to return back to its true function. On the other hand, it will cause students to spend less time study English and attach less importance to English. If so, students will not have good knowledge of English. What's more, if students don't have so a good ability, they will not be able to broaden our horizons and meet the future challenges.

   Immigrant children are often highly motivated and have ambitious parents. And these clever, knowledge-hungry youngsters often achieve higher results than the rest of the classmates.

In 1954, the United States opened its borders to an immigrant from Syria. His son, Steve Jobs, became one of the most creative entrepreneurs（企业家）.In the current refugee crisis, that might look like a fairy tale, but it is not that unbelievable.

While immigrant youngsters might face cultural, social and economic disadvantages, the top 10% of 15- year-old students with an immigrant background in the United States did just as well as the top 10% without an immigrant background, as measured by Pisa, an international test.

In fact, when considering social background, these high-achieving immigrant teenagers were almost a school year ahead.

This doesn't only happen in the United States. In 13out of the 37 countries with comparable data, including the United Kingdom, the top 10% of immigrants were at least 10 points ahead of the non-immigrant students in Pisa, after considering social background.

These highly motivated students, managing to overcome the double disadvantages of poverty and an immigrant background, have the potential（潜力）to make exceptional contributions to their host countries.

On average across all countries, top performing immigrants and non-immigrants reached similar levels of performance on the Pisa mathematics test. Many immigrants seem determined to make the most of any opportunity that arises. Their children also seem ready to take on an academic challenge. Alongside the Pisa are questions about students' willingness to try to solve more complex problems. First-generation immigrants, including in the UK, are more likely than average to want to stretch themselves and try to answer more difficult problems.

The OECD's research shows that in most cases immigrant students and their parents hold an ambition to win the matches, and in some cases they go beyond the expectations of families in their host country. For example, parents of immigrant students in Belgium, Germany and Hungary are more likely to expect that their children will go to university and get a degree than parents of students without an immigrant background.

   “Can I get a light?”This question is the commonest among smokers. What if this question is to come from an unusual source? The National Health Promotion Foundation uploaded an anti-smoking advertisement onto YouTube. The anti-smoking ad has quickly been known as the“most powerful anti-smoking ad”.

The anti-smoking video, called the “Smoking Kid”, features children walking up to adult smokers asking for a light. The children in the ad are actors but the adults smoking are unsuspecting participants in the project.

The video begins with the statement “Adults know that smoking is harmful, but don’t remind themselves of this fact”. Once a “smoking kid” approaches the adults, every adult asked is shocked that the child with a cigarette in his hand is asking for a light. The first adult starts by saying “I’m not giving it to you” and the video goes on to state “every adult filmed said no and reminded the children that smoking is bad”.

Before going away, the kid hands each adult a booklet after being turned down for a light. The booklet says, “You worry about me, but why not about yourself?”Each adult looks around for the child as their faces are filled with confusion and discomfort.

The video shows that a few of the smokers quickly throw away their cigarettes or put their cigarettes away, showing that this experiment was effective at that moment.

The most influential element in the ad isn’t the use of children or the responses from the smoking adults. It comes down to something much simpler than that. Why is it that we worry about other people, forgetting to worry about ourselves?