Isaac Asimov is one of the most famous science fiction（科幻小说）writers of all time. He moved from Russia to the United States in 1923.He was a teacher at Boston University and began writing science fiction stories in 1939.His most famous works are the Foundation books and the Robot stories. He died in 1992 at the age of 72.

"There are not many people who have invented a useful scientific term，and although I did it unknowingly，I am not going to let anyone in the world forget it，"said Isaac Asimov. He was talking about the word "robotics" —the study of robot behaviour.

Asimov wrote several stories about robots between 1940 and 1990.One of the special features of the robots in these stories was that they were programmed to follow the Three Laws of Robotics.

The First Law: A robot must not hurt a human being，or allow a human being to be hurt.

The Second Law: A robot must obey orders by human beings unless these orders conflict（冲突）with the First Law.

The Third Law: A robot must protect itself unless this conflicts with the First or Second Law.

In Asimov's stories，the robots must follow these laws so that they do not attack the humans that created them.

Some scientists think the Three Laws of Robotics are hard to realise in real life. On the other hand，some say that the laws are great for science fiction but completely useless in real life. For example，if the laws really worked，robots couldn't be used in wars，as this would break the First Law. Since the army is one of the biggest supporters for robotic research，it is very unlikely that an attempt to follow these rules will happen.

According to Asimov，one thing is certain："Robots are changing the world and driving it in directions we cannot clearly foresee（预见）."

【小题1】At Boston University, Isaac ________.

A．learned to write stories

B．started to write science fiction stories

C．taught the writing of science fiction stories

D．invented a robot for writing

【小题2】According to some scientists, the Three Laws of Robotics are ________.

A．boring	B．important
C．practical	D．unrealistic

【小题3】Based on the Three Laws of Robotics, robots can't be used ________.

A．in real life	B．in wars
C．in the army	D．in the writing

请结合以下要点,写一篇有关史蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking）的文章。要点:
1. 他于1942年1月8日出生于英国。
2. 他在20多岁的时候,患上了一种无法治愈的疾病;
3. 1988年，他出版了《时间简史》（A Brief History of Time） ;迄今为止这本书已销售逾1亿册;
4. 他于2018年3月14日去世,享年76岁;
5. 人们因他在物理学上作出的巨大贡献而尊重他。
注意:1. 词数100左右;2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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   John B. Goodenough, an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin, has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry-jointly with M. Stanley Whittingham, a chemistry professor from the State University of New York and Japan’s Akira Yoshino, a professor of Meijo University-for the development of lithium-ion batteries (锂电池). According to the Nobel Committee, the three scientists “have created the right conditions for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society, and so brought the greatest benefit to humankind”.

Goodenough, born in 1922, identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics, leading to the wireless revolution. Today, batteries containing Goodenough’s innovations are used worldwide for mobile phones, power tools, laptops, tablets and other wireless devices, as well as electric vehicles.

Goodenough received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Yale University and a doctorate in physics from the university of Chicago. He beat the odds against him, first overcoming dyslexia (阅读困难症) as a child, and then the claim of a teacher who told the doctoral student in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics.

He began his career in 1952 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory, where he laid the groundwork for the development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer. After MIT, Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide (锂钴氧化物).That discovery helped develop the lithium-ion battery. Goodenough joined the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where his groundbreaking work continued.

At 97 years old, he still continues to push the boundaries of materials science. Despite the lithium-ion battery being well developed and available as a commercial product, it has its limitations. It can’t be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wants to see some new developments.

“I hope Ut-Austin still keeps me employed,” Goodenough once joked.

【小题1】The underlined phrase “beat the odds” in Paragraph 3 means “  “.

A．become very famous	B．face the challenges
C．win the competition	D．overcome the difficulties

【小题2】What can we infer from the passage?

A．In MIT, Goodenough made the important discovery leading to the development of the Lithium-ion battery.

B．When he studied for his doctorate in university, not all his teachers encouraged him to be successful.

C．According to the Nobel Committee, Goodenough made the greatest contributions in the discovery.

D．Because of his old age, Goodenough found it difficult to improve the limitations of the lithium-ion battery.

【小题3】What is the best title for the text?

A．The Father of the Lithium-ion Batteries.	B．Three Scientists are Awarded the Nobel Prize.
C．Make the World “Good enough”.	D．It’s Never too Old to Learn.

   Canada’s Alice Munro, called the “master of the contemporary short story”, won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature. After that, the Nobel committee（委员会）said on Twitter that it hadn’t been able to contact Munro and left a phone message to tell her the good news. But The Canadian Press contacted her, and she was quoted as saying the award was "quite wonderful"and she was "terribly surprised".

Douglas Gibson, Munro's publisher read a statement on the author's behalf. "I am amazed and very grateful. I am particularly glad that winning this award will please so many Canadians. I'm happy that this will bring more attention to Canadian writing," she said, according to Gibson.

"Munro is acclaimed for her finely tuned storytelling，which is characterized by clarity and psychological realism（现实主义），"the Nobel committee said.

The author has won many honors over the years，including the 2009 Man Booker International Prize. "Alice Munro is mostly known as a short story writer and yet she brings as much depth，wisdom and precision to every story as most novelists bring to a lifetime of novels，"the Man Booker judging committee said at the time.

Munro，who lives in Huron County in southwestern Ontario，was born near there in Wingham. She started writing stories in her teen years and studied journalism and English at the University of Western Ontario. She started publishing in various magazines in the 1950s. In 1968，she published Dance of the Happy Shades，a collection of short stories. In 1971 she published a collection of stories entitled Lives of Girls and Women，which critics have described as a coming-of-age work.

Munro gained world fame for writing about everyday people. "Here is a world prize being won by someone who writes about housewives in Vancouver, booksellers in Victoria, bean farmers in Huron County and accountants and teachers and librarians — ordinary Canadian people, and she turns them into magic," Gibson said.

【小题1】How did Alice Munro feel about her winning the Nobel Prize?
A．Satisfied and proud.
B．Puzzled but grateful.
C．Surprised but happy.
D．Concerned but lucky.【小题2】The underlined word "acclaimed" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"_________".
A．understood     B. admired
B．advertised D. criticized【小题3】Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened in Munro's life？
a. She published Lives of Girls and Women.
b. She won the Man Booker International Prize.
c. She studied at the University of Western Ontario.
d. She won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
e. She published Dance of the Happy Shades.
A．c-a-b-d-e B. c-e-a-b-d
B．a-c-b-e-d D. a-b-c-d-e【小题4】What do we know about Munro's writing？
A．It concerns the life of poor people.
B．It contains depth and wisdom.
C．It usually tells magic stories.
D．It tends to avoid realistic problems.

   Ludwig van Beethoven is the most famous classical composer of the Western world. He is known for his powerful music and for continuing to compose after he became deaf.

Born to a musical family in the small German city of Bonn in December 1770, Beethoven was an excellent pianist and violinist as a boy. He soon became the first important composer to earn a successful living without working for the church or court. Beethoven began to lose his hearing in the late 1790s and by 1819 he was totally deaf. When he heard nothing, in order to hear the notes (音符), he cut the legs off the piano so that he could feel the vibrations (震动)as he played.

Beethoven enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside. The villagers respected him a lot and would not bother him when they passed him. He was a strange man with his untidy clothes, wild hair and a bad temper.

For his last 15 years Beethoven was regarded as the world’s best composer. The four-note beginning to his Fifth Symphony is one of the most famous moments in all of music. The notes were described as “Fate knocking at the door”. He wrote the popular Moonlight Sonata in 1801.

Beethoven never married. After his death in March 1827, his friends found his letters to a lover, but they never found out who she was.

Besides lots of concerts and broadcasts, over 200 films use Beethoven’s music. Although he died many years ago, Beethoven is still influencing the music world.

【小题1】Most of Beethoven’s works are of___________.

A．light music	B．powerful music
C．sad music	D．violin music

【小题2】According to the passage, what can we know about Beethoven?

A．He was totally deaf at the age of 28.

B．He didn’t like working for the church or court.

C．His family had some effect on him in music.

D．Many of Beethoven’s works were composed for a girl.

【小题3】Why did many people think of Beethoven as a strange man?

A．Because he continued to compose after his deafness.

B．Because he never married all his life.

C．Because he enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside.

D．Because he didn’t care for his appearance and had a bad temper.

【小题4】What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Beethoven, the world’s best composer

B．Beethoven, a very strange composer

C．Beethoven, a struggling composer

D．Beethoven, the world’s most productive composer