2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试理科综合能力测试生物(广东卷)

适用年级:高三
试卷号:686155

试卷类型:高考真题
试卷考试时间:2017/7/27

1.非选择题(共1题)

1.
如图是某家系甲、乙、丙三种单基因遗传病的系谱图,其基因分别用A、a,B、b和D、d表示。甲病是伴性遗传病,Ⅱ­7不携带乙病的致病基因。在不考虑家系内发生新的基因突变的情况下,请回答下列问题:

(1)甲病的遗传方式是________,乙病的遗传方式是________,丙病的遗传方式是________,Ⅱ­6的基因型是________。
(2)Ⅲ­13患两种遗传病的原因是___________________________________________。
(3)假如Ⅲ­15为乙病致病基因的杂合子、为丙病致病基因携带者的概率是1/100,Ⅲ­15和Ⅲ­16结婚,所生的子女只患一种病的概率是________,患丙病的女孩的概率是________。
(4)有些遗传病是由于基因的启动子缺失引起的。启动子缺失常导致________缺乏正确的结合位点,转录不能正常起始,而使患者发病。

2.选择题(共3题)

2.阅读理解

    Have you ever found yourself in this situation:You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child-a bit of nostalgia(怀旧)or "blast from the past,"as we say.But it is not a distant childhood memory.The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.

    Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language.They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.

    Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20.Then they gave the groups three different types of "listen-and-repeat" learning conditions.Researchers had one group simply speak the words.They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm,or beat.And they asked the third group to sing the words.

    All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15minutes.Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.

    Why Hungarian,you ask ? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language.It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages,such as Italian or Spanish.After the tests were over,the singers came out on top.The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance.They did the best in four out of five of the tests.They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.

    Dr.Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language.The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3,or memorable 4,tune 5.

    Dr.Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages.On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr.Ludke writes,"This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning,and opens the door for future research in this area."

3.阅读理解

    Have you ever found yourself in this situation:You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child-a bit of nostalgia(怀旧)or "blast from the past,"as we say.But it is not a distant childhood memory.The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.

    Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language.They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.

    Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20.Then they gave the groups three different types of "listen-and-repeat" learning conditions.Researchers had one group simply speak the words.They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm,or beat.And they asked the third group to sing the words.

    All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15minutes.Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.

    Why Hungarian,you ask ? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language.It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages,such as Italian or Spanish.After the tests were over,the singers came out on top.The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance.They did the best in four out of five of the tests.They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.

    Dr.Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language.The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3,or memorable 4,tune 5.

    Dr.Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages.On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr.Ludke writes,"This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning,and opens the door for future research in this area."

4.任务型阅读

    How to Become an Activist (活动家)

    Activists are people who see the need for change and devote their time to doing something about it.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}If you are interested in it you can do so.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#}This could be anything from a student club to a national organization (like the American Civil Liberties Union or the National Organizers Alliance). Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement, so you can do whatever you feel most comfortable with, whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little money when you can.

    Volunteer your time. One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time. Reach out to organizations in your community that do work for your cause, and ask how you can help.

    Donate money or supplies.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}If you can't afford to donate money to an organization that supports your cause, you may be able to donate other things they need, like clothing or canned food.

    Reach out to family and friends. Tell your family and friends about your cause, and invite them to get involved. If they are interested, share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Promote your cause on social media. You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about the causes you support.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Also, you can invite your friends to attend events or donate to fundraisers for your cause.

A. Take classes on issues related to your cause.

B. Join an organization that supports your cause.

C. They are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.

D. If you do volunteer work, invite them to volunteer with you.

E. Most activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.

F. Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.

G. If you can't reach out to them in person, then try connecting to people online.

3.单选题(共1题)

5.
下列叙述错误的是()
A.醋酸菌在无氧条件下利用乙醇产生醋酸
B.酵母菌在无氧条件下利用葡萄糖汁产生酒精
C.泡菜腌制利用了乳酸菌的乳酸发酵
D.腐乳制作利用了毛霉等微生物的蛋白酶和脂肪酶
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    非选择题:(1道)

    选择题:(3道)

    单选题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:0

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:1