2018-2019学年度苏科版数学七年级上册课时练习:2.5 有理数的加法与减法(有答案)

适用年级:初一
试卷号:68466

试卷类型:课时练习
试卷考试时间:2018/8/12

1.单选题(共15题)

1.
若|a|=3,|b|=2,且a+b>0,那么a-b的值是( )
A.5或1B.1或-1C.5或-5D.-5或-1
2.
式子-4-2-1+2的正确读法是(  )
A.减4减2减1加2B.负4减2减1加2
C.-4,-2,-1加2D.4,2,1,2的和
3.
下列判断:①两个有理数相加,它们的和一定大于每一个加数;②一个正数与一个负数相加一定得0;③两个负数的和的绝对值一定等于它们的绝对值的和;④两个正数的和一定是正数.其中正确的个数有(  )
A.4个B.3个C.2个D.1个
4.
计算(﹣2)+5的结果是(  )
A.3B.﹣3C.7D.﹣7
5.
下列各数中,比﹣1小1的数为(  )
A.0B.1C.﹣2D.2
6.
若(  )﹣(﹣5)=﹣3,则括号内的数是(  )
A.﹣2B.﹣8C.2D.8
7.
某天上午6时某河流水位为80.4米,到上午12时水位上旅了5.3米,到下午6时水位下跌了0.9米.到下午6时水位为(  )米.
A.76B.84.8C.85.8D.86.6
8.
存折中有存款200元,取出125元,又存入100元,存折中还有(  )
A.425元B.225元C.185元D.175元
9.
设a是最小的自然数,b是最大的负整数,c是绝对值最小的有理数,则a+b﹣c=(  )
A.﹣1B.0C.1D.2
10.
早春时节天气变化无常,某日正午气温–3°C,傍晚气温2°C,则下列说法正确的是
A.气温上升了5°CB.气温上升了1°C
C.气温上升了2°CD.气温下降了1°C
11.
与﹣3的差为0的数是(  )
A.3B.﹣3C.﹣D.
12.
咸宁冬季里某一天的气温为﹣3℃~2℃,则这一天的温差是(  )
A.1℃B.﹣1℃C.5℃D.﹣5℃
13.
温度由﹣4℃上升7℃是(  )
A.3℃B.﹣3℃C.11℃D.﹣11℃
14.
为计算简便,把(-2.4)-(-4.7)-(+0.5)+(+3.4)+(-3.5)写成省略加号的和的形式,并按要求交换加数的位置,正确的是(  )
A. -2.4+3.4-4.7-0.5-3.5 B. -2.4+3.4+4.7+0.5-3.5
C. -2.4+3.4+4.7-0.5-3.5 D. -2.4+3.4+4.7-0.5+3.5
15.
将式子3-5-7写成和的形式,正确的是(  )
A.3+5+7B.-3+(-5)+(-7)
C.3-(+5)-(+7)D.3+(-5)+(-7)

2.选择题(共2题)

16.

根据短文理解,判断正误。

Be an Original

      It's said that we human beings are the only creatures who refuse to be what we are. One writer said, “When people are free to do what they want, they usually copy each other.” Yet nobody can be you as well as you can. Every successful person becomes successful because he or she discovered and developed his or her own special abilities. As a guy said, “One of the hardest things about climbing the ladder of success is getting through the crowd of copies at the bottom.”

      So remember you are a specialist. You're not made to be all things to all people. Surveys have shown that usually about 20 percent of all the people who know you don't really like you that much. You just can't please all the people all the time! So don't try to have peace at all costs, especially at the cost of your own success. “Don't stay where you're tolerated (忍受), go where you're celebrated!” Be yourself. Be an original (有独创性的人)! You really are one-of-a-kind. You're the first and last person who will ever be exactly like you.

      Do you know that over 90 percent of all flowers have no smell at all? It's the ones with a sweet fragrance (香味) and smell that we remember. So don't be afraid to be different, if it means being yourself. We are like rivers, “If we follow the easy path of least resistance, it will make us crooked (弯曲).” So don't follow where the path may lead, go where there is no path and leave your own trail. “You're born an original, don't die a copy!” Too many people are like the living dead, they've buried their real talents and abilities.

17.下列产品所用的塑料,具有热固性的是(   )

3.填空题(共6题)

18.
已知|a|=1,|b|=2,如果a>b,那么a+b=_____.
19.
(﹣5)+_____=1.2; =_____.
20.
学习了有理数的运算后,老师出了一道题:计算﹣5﹣3的值,小罗同学是这样做的:﹣5﹣3=﹣5+(﹣3)=﹣8,他的理由是:减去一个数等于加上这个数的相反数.聪明的你还有什么方法计算此题?请写出你的计算过程:_____,你这样计算的理由是:_____.
21.
冬季供暖后,乐乐发现室内的温度为20°,此时冰箱冷冻室的温度为﹣5℃,则室内的温度比冷冻室的温度高_____℃
22.
(﹣20)+(+3)﹣(+5)﹣(﹣7)写成省略加号的和的形式为_____,读作_____,也可以读作_____.
23.
若规定图形表示运算a-b+c,图形表示运算x+z-y-w,则=________.

4.解答题(共5题)

24.
计算:
①﹣+(+);
②90﹣(﹣3);
③﹣0.5﹣(﹣3)+2.75﹣(+7);
25.
七年级(3)班同学李亮在一次班级运动会上参加三级跳远比赛,共跳了5次,他第一次跳了6m,第二次比第一次多跳0.1m,第三次比第二次少跳0.3m,第四次比第三次多跳0.5m,第五次比第四次少跳了0.4m.他那一次跳得最远?成绩是多少?
26.
某摩托车厂本周内计划每日生产300辆摩托车,由于工人实行轮休,每日上班人数不一定相等,实际每日生产量与计划量相比情况如下表(增加的车辆数为正数,减少的车辆数为负数)
星期







增减
-5
+7
-3
+4
+10
-9
-25
 
(1)本周三生产了多少辆摩托车?
(2)本周总生产量与计划生产量相比,是增加还是减少?
(3)产量最多的一天比产量最少的一天多生产了多少辆?
27.
一只小虫从某点P出发,在一条直线上来回爬行,假定把向右爬行的路程记为正数,向左爬行的路程记为负数,则爬行各段路程(单位:厘米)依次为:+5,﹣3,+10,﹣8,﹣6,+12,﹣10.
(1)通过计算说明小虫是否回到起点P.
(2)如果小虫爬行的速度为0.5厘米/秒,那么小虫共爬行了多长时间.
28.
某摩托车厂本周计划每日生产450辆摩托车,由于工人实行轮休,每日上班人数不一定相等,实际每日生产量与计划量相比情况如下表: [增加的辆数为正数,减少的辆数为负数]
星期







增减
-5
+7
-3
+4
+10
-9
-25
 
(1)本周星期六生产多少辆摩托车?
(2)本周总产量与计划产量相比,是增加了还是减少了?为什么?
(3)产量最多的那天比产量最少的那天多生产多少辆?
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(15道)

    选择题:(2道)

    填空题:(6道)

    解答题:(5道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:18

    9星难题:5