1.选择题- (共9题)
①让学生感受宪法的崇高和庄严
②领会宪法具有至高无上的权威
③只要坚持法制宣传就能实现依法治国
④宪法是治国安邦的总章程
①让学生感受宪法的崇高和庄严
②领会宪法具有至高无上的权威
③只要坚持法制宣传就能实现依法治国
④宪法是治国安邦的总章程
阅读下面的文字,完成问题。
元宵节舞鱼龙灯的习俗在我国历史悠久。在我国古代文献、神话传说和民间故事中,均可以找到关于鱼灯的记载。东汉张衡《西京赋》中有关于鱼化龙、龙化鱼的记载,两千多年前,在西汉京都长安,鱼灯、龙灯及鱼龙文艺已盛极一时。南朝粱元帝萧绎《对灯赋》中也有“本知龙灯应无偶,复讶鱼灯有旧名”,对元宵夜抢眼夺目的龙灯、鱼灯称赞有加。宋朝词人辛弃疾在《青玉案•元夕》“凤箫声动,玉壶光转,一夜鱼龙舞”中生动再现了通宵达旦舞鱼龙灯的盛况,体现了鱼龙舞在花灯表演中所担负的重要角色。
那么,究竟什么是鱼龙舞呢?鱼龙舞是鱼灯和龙灯混合表演的舞蹈。鱼龙舞成为古代节日文化重要的表演习俗,源于古人的崇鲤观念。这一观念可以追溯至六千年前西安半坡仰韶文化出土的彩陶上生动的鱼纹。人们在从事日常的捕鱼生产中,把有关鲤鱼无法解释的自然现象加以神化,将鲤鱼视为神鱼加以膜拜,并发展到以鱼为图腾的原始巫术舞蹈。这种发轫于巫术的舞蹈对后世鱼龙舞的形成产生了较大的影响。
元宵节表演的鱼龙舞总给人鱼龙相随,鱼龙混杂的印象。宋代《埤雅•释鱼》记载:“俗说鱼跃龙门,过而为龙,唯鲤或然。”《本草纲目》称:“鲤为诸鱼之长,形状可爱,能神变,常飞跃江湖。”清代《辛氏三秦记》记载:“江海大鱼薄集龙门下,数千,不得上。上则为龙,不上者为鱼,故云曝鲤龙门。”唐朝大诗人李白专门为鲤鱼跳龙门写了﹣首诗:“黄河三尺鲤,本在孟津居,点额不成龙,归来伴凡鱼。”
按照民间传说,凡跳过龙门的鲤鱼即可变成龙,即与《西京赋》中“鱼化龙”的说法相吻合;没有跳过龙门的鲤鱼“归来伴凡鱼”。也有记载显示,“归来伴凡鱼”的既不是原来的鲤鱼,又不是飞过龙门的飞龙,而是在“鱼化龙”中变异而成的鳌鱼。鳌鱼保持了龙头、龙角、龙须,其身上却布满鱼鳞,保留鱼尾。这一变异在传说故事中是以鲤鱼“偷吞了海里的龙珠”实现的。无论是“鱼化龙”,还是“龙化鱼”,均反映了“鱼龙合一”以及它们之间极为特殊的关系。
传承至今的鱼灯舞是研究民俗文化的活化石,它们传承千百年而不衰,蕴含着丰富的文化内涵。分布在深圳沙头角的鱼灯舞、广东梅州的鲤鱼灯舞以及福建莆田的九鲤鱼灯舞,有异曲同工之妙。这三地的鱼灯舞和宋代的鱼龙舞有着千丝万缕的联系。沙头角鱼灯舞的表演形式以众鱼围绕“神鱼”黄鳢角展开,整个舞蹈呈现了群鱼献祭的主题。舞蹈的重点角色“黄鳢角”即为鳌鱼的化身;梅州的鲤鱼灯舞也被称作“五鲤跳龙门”。五鲤由一雄四雌组成,唯一的一条雄鱼,即为青色的鳌鱼。舞蹈由5位年轻的女子表演,鲤鱼灯舞深受汉代乐舞百戏的影响。莆田的九鲤鱼灯舞在表演时,由9条不同的鱼在龙珠灯的引导下出场。据考证,九鲤鱼灯舞和深圳沙头角的鱼灯舞,无论在舞蹈动作,还是在鱼龙组合上,均有着惊人的相似之处。
从鱼灯舞蹈的表现内容、源流和传承发展来看,三种鱼灯舞均呈现了较强的独立性和经久不衰的生命力。它们与中原古代文化也有着密切的关系。它们在漫长的历史发展和变迁中,不断吸收各地方文化的精华,经过冲突、融合、再冲突、再融合,才发展到如今人们在元宵节花灯中所看到的精彩纷呈的鱼龙灯舞。
(摘编自《元宵时节舞鱼灯》,《百科知识》2016.1)
2.单项选择- (共11题)
A.sense | B.difference | C.hope | D.chance |
A.something | B.anything |
C.nothing | D.everything |
A.the; a | B./; / | C.the; / | D.a; the |
A.attaches | B.pays | C.links | D.applies |
A.must; once | B.should; when |
C.can; if | D.shall; unless |
A.took up | B.took in |
C.took over | D.took place |
A.alternatively | B.approximately | C.obviously | D.necessarily |
A.treat | B.was treating |
C.will treat | D.have treated |
—Oh,sorry,I had no idea. I ________ the Rescue Center now.
A.will be phoning | B.am to phone |
C.will phone | D.phone |
A.before | B.when | C.since | D.after |
—________? I can pick them up on my way home this afternoon.
A.So what | B.How come |
C.Why bother | D.Why not |
3.阅读理解- (共1题)
It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators(评论员) fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.
Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that” To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, “because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena(现象).” The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English. Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs ,which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”, In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.
【小题1】The author mentions Dr. Johnson’s comment to show that________.A.most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson |
B.Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather observation |
C.the comment was accurate two hundred years ago |
D.English conversations usually start with the weather |
A.A social trend. | B.An emotional state. |
C.A historical concept. | D.An unknown phenomenon. |
A.Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather |
B.there is nothing special about the English weather] |
C.the English weather attracts people to the British Isles |
D.English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty |
A.To explain what English weather-speak is about. |
B.To analyze misconceptions about the English weather. |
C.To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman. |
D.To convince people that the English weather is changeable. |
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【1】题量占比
选择题:(9道)
单项选择:(11道)
阅读理解:(1道)
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【2】:难度分析
1星难题:0
2星难题:0
3星难题:0
4星难题:0
5星难题:0
6星难题:11
7星难题:0
8星难题:0
9星难题:1