Skin cancer deaths among men have jumped sharply in wealthy nations since 1985, with death rates among women rising more slowly or even declining, researchers have told a medical conference in Glasgow.

Reasons for the difference between sexes are unclear but evidence suggests men are less likely to protect themselves from the sun or pay attention to public health warnings, Dorothy Yang, a doctor said.

More than 90% of melanoma (黑素瘤) cancers are caused by skin cell damage from exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.

In eight of 18 developed countries examined, men’s skin cancer death rates had increased in the past 30 years by at least 50%.

But the nations with the biggest rise in skin cancer deaths were often not those with the highest death rates, the research showed. In Australia, for example, nearly six out of every 100,000 men died of the disease in 2013 -2015. That is twice the second highest death rate (Finland), but only a 10% increase compared to 30 years earlier.

Australia has been an early performer of public health media campaigns since the 1970s to promote sun-smart’ behaviour. While debate continues on how much of Australia’s record skin cancer rate originates from the sun, 30 years of public health campaigns have no doubt made Australians acutely aware of the dangers.

Skin cancer deaths among women in 1985 in Australia occurred at half the rate as for men, and declined by 10% over the next 30 years. In other countries, female death from the disease went down over the same period. In some other sun-loving nations, however, women saw at least as sharp a jump from 1985 to 2015 in death rates as men.

Scientists are studying whether biological or genetic factors might also play a role in skin cancer, but findings so far are inconclusive.

China’s new cross-sea bridge was 【小题1】(office) opened on 24th October after 9 years of construction. The 55-kilometre-long structure is the 【小题2】(long) over-sea bridge in the world, 【小题3】(link) the cities of Hong Kong and Macau to the Chinese mainland.

In one section, the bridge consists of 【小题4】 6.7-kilometre undersea tunnel (隧道) and two artificial islands. The tunnel is built for ships 【小题5】(cross) and planes to take off from the nearby Hong Kong International Airport. As there is height limitation in the airspace, the tunnel must 【小题6】(build) subsea instead of a bridge with tall towers.

About 400,000 tons of steel was used in the project, equal 【小题7】 eight times the amount used to build the Sydney Harbour Bridge. According to 【小题8】(it) engineers, it should be able to withstand a magnitude-8 earthquake, a super typhoon, or a collision with a 300,000-tonne ship.

With full 【小题9】(cover) of 4G network, the bridge can be seen as a unique application of wireless technology. According to Chinese media, authorities will use facial recognition system to detect yawning drivers on the bridge. 【小题10】 a driver yawns three times, an alarm will go off.

   Everyone has moments of forgetfulness from time to time, especially when life gets busy.

【小题1】, having a poor memory can be frustrating. However, research has shown that there are ways to improve your memory.

Sleep on it

Sleeping well helps make episodic memories stronger. 【小题2】, especially relating to learning motor skills, such as learning to play a musical instrument or ride a bike. Having a full night’s sleep soon after gaining a new skill helps strengthen the processes involved.

Believe to remember

Positive thinking appears to improve memory performance. Researchers found they could improve the performance of people aged 60 and above in memory tests by presenting them with positive age-related words such as “wise”, and “sharp-witted”. 【小题3】. Brain scans have shown differences in activity levels in brain regions, according to whether or not individuals believe they have good recall abilities or not.

【小题4】

Memories can be weakened if the brain doesn’t have enough downtime to strengthen them. More than a century ago, German scientists showed that people performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.

Stay social

【小题5】. US scientists who asked people in their 50s and 60s to do memory tests every other year found there is a slower decline in recall abilities of their most so ciable persons. Having good friends, volunteering and other forms of social engagement also protect memory.