浙教版七年级数学上册第5章 一元一次方程 5.4 一元一次方程的应用 5.4.3 劳动力调配、工程、销售等问题 同步练习

适用年级:初一
试卷号:571029

试卷类型:课时练习
试卷考试时间:2019/2/5

1.单选题(共6题)

1.
某汽车队运送一批货物,每辆汽车装4 t,还剩下8 t未装,每辆汽车装4.5 t就恰好装完.该车队运送货物的汽车共有多少辆?设该车队运送货物的汽车共有x辆,可列方程为( )
A.4x+8=4.5xB.4x-8=4.5x
C.4x=4.5x+8D.4(x+8)=4.5x
2.
数学考试出了15道题,做对一题得4分,做错一题倒扣2分,若王刚做了全部15道题,共得36分,则他做对了( )
A.10道题B.11道题
C.12道题D.13道题
3.
某商人在一次买卖中均以120元卖出两件衣服,一件赚25%,一件赔25%,在这次交易中,该商人(  )
A.赚16元B.赔16元C.不赚不赔D.无法确定
4.
某工程,甲独做需12天完成,乙独做需8天完成,现由甲先做3天,乙再参加合做,求完成这项工程共用的时间.若设完成此项工程共用x天,则下列方程正确的是(  )
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
某土建工程共动用15台挖运机械,每台机械每小时能挖土3 m3或运土2 m3.为了使挖土的工作和运土的工作同时结束,若设安排了x台机械挖土,则x应满足的方程是( )
A.2x=3(15-x)B.3x=2(15-x)
C.15-2x=3xD.3x-2x=15
6.
某车间有27名工人,生产某种由一个螺栓套两个螺母的产品,每人每天生产螺母16个或螺栓22个,若分配x名工人生产螺栓,其他工人生产螺母,恰好使每天生产的螺栓和螺母配套,则下面所列方程中正确的是(   )
A. 22x=16(27﹣x) B. 16x=22(27﹣x) C. 2×16x=22(27﹣x)  D. 2×22x=16(27﹣x)

2.选择题(共2题)

7.新型电饭锅采用“聪明火”技术,智能化地控制食物在不同时间段的温度,以得到最佳的营养和口感,其简化电路如图甲所示.R1和R2均为电热丝,S、S1都闭合时为加热烧煮状态,S闭合、S1断开时为保温焖饭状态.煮饭时,把电饭锅接入220V电路中,在电饭锅工作的30min内,电路中总电流随时间变化的图象如图乙所示.求:

8.

阅读理解

    Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

    So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?

    Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

    What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

3.填空题(共4题)

9.
一件工程,甲队单独做要8天完成,乙队单独做要12天完成,甲队做2天后,乙队来支援,两队合做x天完成任务的,则由此条件可列出的方程是____________________.
10.
甲队有32人,乙队有28人,如果要使甲队人数是乙队人数的2倍,应从乙队抽调_______人到甲队.
11.
有A,B两桶油,从A桶倒出的油到B桶后,B桶比A桶还少6 kg,若B桶中原有油30 kg,则A桶中原有油_______kg.
12.
一台空调标价2000元,若按6折销售仍可获利20%,则这台空调的进价是____元.

4.解答题(共6题)

13.
包装厂有工人42人,每个工人平均每小时可以生产圆形铁片120片或长方形铁片80片,两张圆形铁片与一张长方形铁片可配套成一个密封圆桶,问每天如何安排工人生产圆形铁片和长方形铁片才能合理地将铁片配套?
14.
甲、乙、丙校对一篇稿件,单独完成分别需40 h,30 h和24 h.已知三人合做3 h后,乙、丙因故先后离开,乙离开的时间比丙还多3 h,结果花了14 h才完成,则乙、丙离开的时间之和是多少?
15.
某地实施农村义务教育学校营养计划——“蛋奶工程”.该地农村小学每份营养餐的标准是质量为300 g,蛋白质含量为8%,包括一盒牛奶、一包饼干和一个鸡蛋.已知牛奶的蛋白质含量为5%,饼干的蛋白质含量为12.5%,鸡蛋的蛋白质含量为15%,一个鸡蛋的质量为60 g.
(1)一个鸡蛋中含蛋白质的质量为多少克?
(2)每份营养餐中牛奶和饼干的质量分别为多少克?
16.
某车间有62名工人,生产甲、乙两种零件,每人每天平均能生产甲种零件12个或乙种零件23个,则应分配多少人生产甲种零件,多少人生产乙种零件才能使每天生产的甲种零件和乙种零件刚好配套(3个甲种零件和2个乙种零件配成一套)?
17.
某车间有16名工人,每人每天可加工甲种零件5个或乙种零件4个.在这16名工人中,一部分人加工甲种零件,其余的加工乙种零件.已知每加工一个甲种零件可获利16元,每加工一个乙种零件可获利24元.若此车间一共获利1440元,求这一天有几个工人加工甲种零件.
18.
某地为了打造风光带,将一段长为360m的河道整治任务由甲、乙两个工程队先后接力完成,共用时20天,已知甲工程队每天整治24m,乙工程队每天整治16m.求甲、乙两个工程队分别整治了多长的河道.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(6道)

    选择题:(2道)

    填空题:(4道)

    解答题:(6道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:9