甘肃省静宁县2018-2019学年七年级上学期期末考试数学试题

适用年级:初一
试卷号:571027

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2019/1/11

1.单选题(共9题)

1.
下列算式中,运算结果为负数的是(  )
A.﹣(﹣2)B.|﹣2|C.(﹣2)3D.(﹣2)2
2.
﹣3的倒数为(  )
A.﹣B.C.3D.﹣3
3.
已知代数式2a2-b=7,则-4a2+2b+10的值是(  )
A.7B.4C.D.
4.
单项式﹣ab2的系数是( )
A.1B.﹣1C.2D.3
5.
下列各式中,与xy2是同类项的是(    )
A.-2xy2B.2x2yC.xyD.x2y2
6.
下列方程中,是一元一次方程的是(    )
A.x2-2x-3=0B.2x+y=5C.D.x=0
7.
如图是某年的日历表,在此日历表上可以用一个矩形圈出3×3个位置的9个数(如3,4,5,10,11,12,17,18,19).若用这样的矩形圈圈这张日历表的9个数,则圈出的9个数的和不可能为下列数中的(  )
A.81B.90C.108D.216
8.
某商人在一次买卖中均以120元卖出两件衣服,一件赚25%,一件赔25%,在这次交易中,该商人(  )
A.赚16元B.赔16元C.不赚不赔D.无法确定
9.
下列结论正确的是(    )
A.直线比射线长
B.过两点有且只有一条直线
C.过三点一定能作三条直线
D.一条直线就是一个平角

2.选择题(共1题)

10.

阅读理解

    Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

    So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?

    Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

    What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

3.填空题(共7题)

11.
若|m﹣3|+(n+2)2=0,则m+2n的值为__.
12.
用四舍五入法对1.895取近似数,1.895≈______.(精确到0.01)
13.
“十九大”最受新闻网站关注.据统计,关键词“十九大”在1.3万个网站中产生数据174 000条.将174 000用科学记数法表示应为(    )
A.17.4×105B.1.74×105C.17.4×104D.0.174×106
14.
若x=1是关于x的方程mx-3m=2的解,则m的值为_______.
15.
小华以8折的优惠价钱买了一双鞋子,比不打折时节省了20元,则他买这双鞋子实际花了_____ 元.
16.
已知∠α的补角比∠α大30°,则∠α= ______°.
17.
计算:48°37'+53°35'=_____.

4.解答题(共10题)

18.
计算:
(1); (2).
19.
下表记录的是今年长江某一周内的水位变化情况,这一周的上周末的水位已达到警戒水位米(正号表示水位比前一天上升,负号表示水位比前一天下降).
星期






水位

变化(米)

+0.2

-0.4

+0.3

 
(1)本周哪一天长江的水位最高?位于警戒水位之上还是之下?
(2)与上周周末相比,本周周末长江的水位是上升了还是下降了?并通过计算说明理由.
20.
当x为何值时,代数式的值比代数式的值大6.
21.
阅读材料:规定一种新的运算:=ad-bc.例如:=1×4-2×3=-2.
(1)按照这个规定,请你计算的值;
(2)按照这个规定,当=5时,求x的值.
22.
解方程:
(1)3(2x﹣1)=15;
(2)
23.
某班将买一些乒乓球和乒乓球拍.了解信息如下:甲、乙两家商店出售两种同样品牌的乒乓球和乒乓球拍.乒乓球拍每副定价30元,乒乓球每盒定价5元;经洽谈:甲店每买一副球拍赠一盒乒乓球;乙店全部按定价的9折优惠.该班需球拍5副,乒乓球若干盒(不小于5盒).问:
(1)当购买乒乓球多少盒时,两种优惠办法付款一样?
(2)如果要购买15盒或30盒乒乓球时,请你去办这件事,你打算去哪家商店购买?为什么?
24.
列方程解应用题:
2018年元月初,我国中东部地区普降大雪,某武警部队战士在两个地方进行救援工作,甲处有130名武警部队战士,乙处有70名武警部队战士,现在又调来200名武警部队战士支援,要使甲处的人数比乙处人数的2倍多10人,应往甲、乙两处各调来多少名武警部队战士?
25.
如图,B是线段AD上一点,C是线段BD的中点.若AD=8,BC=3.求线段CD,AB的长;
26.
作图题:如图,已知点A,点B,直线l及l上一点M.
(1)连接MA,并在直线l上作出一点N,使得点N在点M的左边,且满足MN=MA;
(2)请在直线l上确定一点O,使点O到点A与点O到点B的距离之和最短,并写出画图的依据.
27.
如图,已知直线AB,CD,EF相交于点O,∠2=2∠1,∠3=3∠2,求∠DOE的度数.
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(9道)

    选择题:(1道)

    填空题:(7道)

    解答题:(10道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:7

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:8

    9星难题:11