2016届福建莆田二十五中九年级上期期中历史试卷(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:420082

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2015/12/18

1.综合题(共4题)

1.
在人类近代文明的历史上,理论常常是行动的先导,近代史的发展正是建筑在先进的思想理论基础之上的。结合所学知识,回答问题。
(1)列举17—18世纪欧洲启蒙运动的著名代表人物。(至少写2个著名代表人物)
(2)请举出1例在该思想影响之下发生在欧美的革命运动。
(3)“立法权赋予国会……行政权赋予总统……司法权赋予最高法院大法官……”体现了启蒙运动中的哪一学说?
2.
阅读材料,完成下列问题。
材料一
 
材料二

(1)观察材料一图并结合所学知识回答,上述两个国家进行资产阶级革命共同的根本原因是什么?
(2)19世纪中期,美国、俄国、日本都出现了危机。请根据图片呈现的历史信息,分别指出美国、俄国面临的危机是什么?
(3)面对社会危机,美国、俄国和日本都采取措施,战胜了危机,请填写下表字母代表的相关内容。 
国  名
美国
俄国
领导人物
A
亚历山大二世
历史事件
美国内战
 B
3.
历史时空:工业革命创造了巨大的生产力,改变了人类生活的轨迹,但也打破了农业社会田园生活的宁静。让我们展开历史的画卷,去见证科学技术的威力。请根据下列图文信息回答问题。
 
(1)图一英国人瓦特。他于1769年研制了改良的蒸汽机并被广泛应用于工业生产,人类进入了什么时代?200年前,英国工程师谁发明了世界上第一辆蒸汽机车?
(2)图二是美国人谁制造的四轮汽车?其使用的动力机械是什么?此后又建成了汽车装配线,汽车开始进入美国的千家万户。
(3)图三是美国“发明大王”谁?人们称赞他为“打开电气时代的领袖”。
4.
阅读下列材料,回答问题:
图1  1913年英、美、德、法的实力对比表:
 




在工业产品数量上所占位次
3
2
1
4
在殖民地面积所占位次
1
4
5
2
 
图2

(1) 根据图1的数据第一次世界大战爆发的根本原因是什么?
(2) 请写出图2中两大军事集团的名称。
(3) 两大军事集团形成后,疯狂扩军备战,最终导致了一场人类历史上的灾难,这场灾难中被称作“绞肉机”的是哪一场战役?

2.判断题(共6题)

5.
改错题:并加以改正
被认为是欧洲开始从中世纪向新时代过渡的标志是《奥赛罗》。
6.
以下内容叙述是否正确 ,请指出并说明理由。
英国资产阶级革命时期,统治英国的封建王朝是波旁王朝。
7.
以下内容叙述是否正确 ,请指出并说明理由。
来克星顿枪声打响了抗英斗争的第一枪,美国南北战争从此开始。
8.
以下内容叙述是否正确 ,请指出并说明理由。
第一次工业革命的发展,密切了世界各地之间的联系,汽船、火车、汽车、飞机等交通工具的创制,促进了交通运输业的发展。
9.
改错题:并加以改正
彼得一世改革是一场沙皇政府和地主勾结起来对农民进行的双重敲诈与掠夺。
10.
改错题:并加以改正
梵高是英国著名的画家,表现主义绘画的奠基者,《向日葵》是他的代表作。

3.选择题(共10题)

11.
法国大革命开始的标志是(  )
A.巴黎人民攻占巴士底狱B.国王查理一世召开议会
C.处死国王路易十六D.雾月政变
12.
下列重大发明与发明者的关联,不正确的是(  )
A.瓦特——珍妮机B.史蒂芬孙——火车机车
C.卡尔·本茨——汽车D.爱迪生——碳丝灯泡
13.
一百多年来,全世界不同肤色的劳动者用各自的语言、激昂的旋律唱着同一首歌。这首鼓舞无产阶级斗志的歌曲是
A.《义勇军进行曲》B.《国际歌》
C.《马赛曲》D.《英雄交响曲》
14.下列关于同系物的说法中,错误的是(  )
15.
一位美国历史学家在谈到一战前的欧洲形势时说:欧洲变成一只“火药桶”,只等一粒火星将
它引爆。这里的“火星”是指(  )
A.苏格兰人民起义B.萨拉热窝事件
C.巴黎人民攻占巴士底狱D.奥匈帝国对塞尔维亚宣战
16.
某大学世界近代史文学研究室要召开一个探讨俄罗斯名著《战争与和平》的写作艺术研讨会,你认为选择谁的照片挂在会场最合适?()
A.高尔基B.弗朗西斯·培根
C.莎士比亚D.列夫·托尔斯泰
17.
某次战役“爆发于1916年,历时十个月,双方伤亡70多万人,有‘搅肉机’之称。”据此判断该战役是
A.滑铁卢战役B.凡尔登战役
C.莫斯科保卫战D.斯大林格勒战役
18.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

19.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

20.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

4.填空题(共1题)

21.
请结合所学知识,填写以下表格。
人物
地位(称谓)
成就(作品)
学到名人哪些优秀品质
爱因斯坦
 
相对论
 
达尔文
物种起源的探索者
 
 
乐坛雄狮
《命运交响曲》
 
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(4道)

    判断题:(6道)

    选择题:(10道)

    填空题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:1

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:7

    9星难题:9