2016届山东博兴县纯化镇中学九年级上期中考试历史试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:420042

试卷类型:期中
试卷考试时间:2016/2/24

1.综合题(共4题)

1.
随着人类联系的加强,侵略与抗争、冲突与合作成为世界各国之间关系的常态。(12分)
材料一

材料二

(1)图一所示事件史称————————————————————————,有人说,1500年前后开始了真正意义上的世界史,请你说明理由。
(2)在图一所示事件后,殖民扩张开始,反抗殖民侵略的斗争此起彼伏。说出图二、图三两位人物领导的民族独立斗争的名称?
(3)依据材料二写出图一中两大军事集团的名称(2分)。它们的对抗最终引发了哪次战争?(2分)点燃这次战火的导火线是什么事件 (2分)
2.
思想解放是伟大社会时间的先导,中外历史上的重大社会改革都与思想解放运动有关。阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一:史学家布克哈特在评论一场思想解放运动是说“有信仰、幻想和幼稚的偏见织成的神学纱幕最先在意大利烟消云散了”。在次运动期间,意大利涌现出一批杰出的艺术家和思想家。诗人但丁的作品强调了人的价值和理性的伟大,闪烁着人文主义最初的光辉,体现了这场运动的核心主张。
材料二:17—18世纪,一批先进的思想家适应资本主义经济发展的需要,高举理性大旗,批判封建专制和中世纪宗教神学,主张建立合乎理性的社会和国家。

(1)材料一中的“思想文化运动”是指14—17世纪欧洲的那场运动?这一运动的核心主张是什么?但丁的代表作品是什么?
(2)材料二反映了欧洲的哪场运动?其核心主张是什么?这场运动对美国独立战争和法国大革命有何作用?
材料三:让统治阶级在共产主义革命面前发抖吧。无产者在这个革命中失去的只是锁链。他们获得的将是整个世界。……全世界无产者,联合起来。
(3)材料三出自何处?何人所作?该文件的发表标志着什么?
3.
资本主义制度经历了建立发展、调整完善的过程,由大西洋沿岸逐步扩展到世界范围。阅读下列材料,回答问题。
材料一

材料二  19世纪60-70年代,俄国、美国、日本为摆脱统治危机和解决内部矛盾,掀起了一场国家体制改革和革令的狂潮。

(1)图一是英国在1989年,为纪念一部重要法律文献颁布300周年发行的纪念币。这部文献的名称是什么?这部文献确立起了什么制度?这—制度的特点是什么?
(2)图二纪念章中被称为“美国之父”的第一任总统是谁?如何评价这一历史人物?
(3)图三为法国的《人权宣言》,它在财产方面作出了怎样的规定?
(4)材料二中的三个人物分别领导了什么运动?上述三个事件产生了什么共同影响?
4.
科技进步推动了资本主义的巩固与扩大,促进了世界市场的形成与发展。阅读材料,回答问题。材料一 工业革命产生的强大推动力逐渐使世界紧密地联系在一起。人和货物可以借助多种快捷便利的方式在世界各地之间流动,信息的传递也变得非常容易。
——摘自高中历史必修Ⅱ《经济成长历程》
材料二 亚历山大二世在1861年3月3日颁布废除农奴制的法令。根据该法令的条款,所有农奴都被宣布为自由的,农奴耕种的土地在农奴和贵族地主之间进行分配……作为回报,农民必须交纳49年的赎地费以偿还政府。这是俄国历史上的一个重大转折点。
——《全球通史》
材料三 《解放黑人奴隶宣言》宣布,废除叛乱各州的奴隶制,在叛乱各州,奴隶从现在也就是1863年1月1日起成为自由人并可应征入伍。
——纪录片《世界历史》解说词
(1)在蒸汽时代、电气时代,有哪些有利于人和货物在世界流通的陆路交通工具问世,请各举一例并说明这些交通工具的发明分别使人类进入了什么时代?
(2)根据材料二,概括废除农奴制法令的主要内容。
(3)材料三中的宣言是哪次战争期间颁布的?这次战争在美国历史上有何重大影响?

2.选择题(共7题)

5.
蒸汽机的改进,推动了采煤业和制造业的发展,改变了人类的生产和生活面貌,开创了崭新的“蒸汽时代。”为改进蒸汽机做出突出贡献的是
A.哈格里夫斯B.史蒂芬孙
C.瓦特D.富尔顿
6.
有人比喻英国“像海绵一样从恒河边上吸取财富,又挤出来倒在泰晤士河中。”这句话提示了(  )
A.英国对北美的殖民统治B.英国对印度的殖民掠夺
C.英国对中国的侵略掠夺D.英国开始进行工业革命
7.
马克思说:“在欧洲以外直接靠掠夺、奴役和杀人越货而夺取的财宝,源源流入宗主国,在这里转化为资本。”观察下图,最能体现这一内容的(   )
A.丝绸之路B.佛教传播
C.新航路开辟D.“三角贸易”
8.
某次战役“爆发于1916年,历时十个月,双方伤亡70多万人,有‘搅肉机’之称。”据此判断该战役是
A.滑铁卢战役B.凡尔登战役
C.莫斯科保卫战D.斯大林格勒战役
9.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

10.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

11.阅读理解

    AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed (粉碎) by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean grandmaster (围棋大师) Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe (敬畏). Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

    But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go “player” in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

    To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used “reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher,” according to DeepMind's website.

    “It's more powerful than previous approaches,” David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, “because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints (约束) of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”

    AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

    So now that AI has exceeded (超过) the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(4道)

    选择题:(7道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:5