2013-2014年江苏大丰市七年级下期期末历史试卷

适用年级:初一
试卷号:387718

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2014/8/7

1.综合题(共2题)

1.
创新是一个民族进步的不竭动力。自古以来中华民族就是富有创新精神的民族。结合所学知识探究以下问题:
探究一 制度篇
⑴统治阶级为了加强中央集权,不断开创新的政治制度。元朝在地方上实行了什么行政制度?在中央废除丞相,在地方设三司是哪个朝代的统治措施?(2分)
⑵“朝为田舍郎,暮登天子堂”、“十年寒窗无人问,一举成名天下知。”这些诗句反映的现象与哪一制度的推行直接相关?(1分)
探究二 经济篇
⑶生产工具的创新和改进是劳动人民智慧的结晶,也是社会生产力显著提高的标志。列举唐朝时出现的促进农业生产发展的典型生产工具一例。(1分)“国家根本,仰给东南”的现象最早出现在什么时期?(1分)
探究三 科技文化篇

⑷根据上图和所学知识,写出我国唐代和明清时期的主要文学形式。(2分)
北宋沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中写道:“若止印三二张,未为简易;若印数十百千本,则极为神速。”材料中的“极为神速”主要得益于我国四大发明中的哪一项发明?(1分)
探究四 感悟篇
⑸综合以上内容,在如何培养自己的创新能力方面,你得到哪些启示?(1分)
2.
阅读下列材料:

图一 清明上河园是中国国家5A级旅游景区和中国非物质文化遗产展演基地。它是以写实画《清明上河图》为蓝本,以宋朝市井文化、民俗风情、皇家园林和古代娱乐为题材,以游客参与体验为特点的文化主题公园。
图二 雄伟壮观的布达拉宫始建于公元7世纪,是藏王松赞干布为远嫁西藏的唐朝公主而建。布达拉宫是西藏曾经的政权中心,这座具有1300多年历史,世界上海拔最高、最雄伟的宫殿也无限延伸着藏文化的灿烂,是真正属于世界的遗产。
请回答:
⑴《清明上河图》是北宋哪位画家的不朽作品?描绘的是哪个城市的繁荣景象?(2分)
⑵北宋时,四川地区出现的世界上最早的纸币是什么?宋朝政府在广州、泉州等主要港口设立了什么机构管理海外贸易?(2分)
⑶文成公主入藏加强了汉藏两族的友好关系,那么当时的藏族地区被称为什么?西藏作为正式行政区隶属中央政府管辖最早开始于哪个朝代?(2分)
⑷在古代,我国中央政府十分重视对西藏的管理,列举清朝政府加强管理西藏地区的史实两例。(2分)

2.选择题(共22题)

3.
“苏湖熟,天下足”表明了两宋时期某个流域已成为全国最重要的粮仓,它是()
A.太湖流域B.长江流域
C.黄河流域D.淮河流域
4.

哺乳动物的牙齿分化为门齿、{#blank#}1{#/blank#}和{#blank#}2{#/blank#}.

5.

哺乳动物的牙齿分化为门齿、{#blank#}1{#/blank#}和{#blank#}2{#/blank#}.

6.
***有诗词写道:一代天骄成吉思汗,只识弯弓射大雕。成吉思汗的功绩主要是(   )。
A. 灭亡西夏 B. 统一蒙古 C. 建立元朝 D. 定都大都
7.阅读理解

    It is popular to travel by bike in China. China has a huge population. And it is said that there is at least one bike for every two people. Of course, many people in China ride bikes for sport or exercise, but it is also a much more commonly accepted means of everyday transportation, as compared to countries such as the United States.

    If you are living for a long time in China, chances are that you will want to buy your own bike so that you can use it whenever you want. Even if you don't use a bike for everyday transportation, owning one can be a great way to enjoy the sights in the countryside. However, if you are just visiting China, renting a bike can be a more convenient choice.

    It is important to choose the correct bike for your use. You will find that in China, the one-speed style of bike is popular. These bikes are great if you want to ride around in the city to see the sights. They are quite comfortable and easy to ride. You can often rent a bike for a day for about 15 dollars.

    However, if you wish to ride on some of the rural paths, a mountain bike style would be a better choice. They are great for different kinds of road surfaces, providing for a safer ride. If you are planning to have a wish to tour and still be able to carry packages with you, then a touring bike would be the best choice. These are the most expensive to rent, but are very suitable for carrying packages and even some of your luggage along with you.

8.阅读理解

    It is popular to travel by bike in China. China has a huge population. And it is said that there is at least one bike for every two people. Of course, many people in China ride bikes for sport or exercise, but it is also a much more commonly accepted means of everyday transportation, as compared to countries such as the United States.

    If you are living for a long time in China, chances are that you will want to buy your own bike so that you can use it whenever you want. Even if you don't use a bike for everyday transportation, owning one can be a great way to enjoy the sights in the countryside. However, if you are just visiting China, renting a bike can be a more convenient choice.

    It is important to choose the correct bike for your use. You will find that in China, the one-speed style of bike is popular. These bikes are great if you want to ride around in the city to see the sights. They are quite comfortable and easy to ride. You can often rent a bike for a day for about 15 dollars.

    However, if you wish to ride on some of the rural paths, a mountain bike style would be a better choice. They are great for different kinds of road surfaces, providing for a safer ride. If you are planning to have a wish to tour and still be able to carry packages with you, then a touring bike would be the best choice. These are the most expensive to rent, but are very suitable for carrying packages and even some of your luggage along with you.

9.
在内蒙古有以马可• 波罗名字命名的店铺。马可• 波罗最早来到我国是在( )
A.唐朝B.宋朝C.元朝D.清朝
10.
“史学两司马”是指史学家司马迁和司马光,他们分别写下了不朽的史学巨著。下列示意图中,在他们的著作中都能查阅到的史实是( )
A.AB.BC.CD.D
11.阅读理解

    Daniel was born in New Orleans, LA., in 1962, slow to walk and talk, and short. He was the tiniest in his class, but he developed a warm, outgoing nature and was popular with his peers(同龄人). And he became skillful at sports.

    Baseball gave him his earliest challenge. He was an excellent players in Little League. At graduation, the coach named Daniel the team's most valuable player.

    His finest hour, though, came at a school science meeting. He entered an exhibit explaining how the circulatory system works. It was traditional, especially compared to(与…相比)the modern, computerized, blinking-light models entered by other students. My wife, Sara, felt embarrassed for him.

    It turned out that the other kids had made their exhibits. As the judges went on their rounds, they found that these other kids couldn't answer their questions. Daniel answered every one. When the judges awarded the Albert Einstein Plague for the best exhibit, they gave it to him.

    By the time Daniel left for college he stood six feet tall and weighed 170 pounds. He was in superb condition, but he quit baseball for English literature. I was sorry that he would not develop his athletic talent, but proud that he had made such a satisfactory decision.

    One day I told Daniel that the great failing in my life had been that I didn't take a year or two off to travel when I finished college. This is the best way, to my way of thinking, to broaden oneself. Once I had married and begun working, I found that the dream of living in another culture had disappeared. Daniel thought about this. After graduation, he worked as a waiter at college, a bike messenger and a house painter. With the money he earned, he had enough to go to Paris.

    The night before he was to leave, I tossed in bed. I was trying to figure out something to say. Nothing came to mind. Maybe, I thought, it wasn't necessary to say anything.

12.
“天皇皇,地皇皇,莫惊我家小儿郎。倭倭来,不要慌,我有戚爷会抵挡。”这首歌谣描述的历史事件是
A.岳飞抗金
B.文天祥抗元
C.戚继光抗倭
D.康熙帝抗俄
13.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2).只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    The ancient Olympic Games began in a year 776 BC. They held at Olympia in Greece every four years, for almost 12 centuries, until AD 394. In the ancient Olympics, by tradition the athletes were all men but they had to compete wearing no clothes. Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part, no matter whatever nation they come from. Chinese athletes have great contributed to the Olympic Games where many of them won gold medals, such as Xu Haifeng, Deng Yaping and Liu Xiang, the first Asian to winning the gold medal in the men's 110-meter hurdles. The whole of China must have felt pride of them when they won. There are some of the Olympic athletes who they have brought joy to people across the world with their attempt to push the boundaries of human achievement.

14.
清代一位军机大臣用一首诗来形容自己的工作:“依样葫芦画不难,葫芦变化有千端。画成依样旧葫芦,要把葫芦仔细看。”该诗直接说明了军机大臣(  )
A.完全听命于皇帝,是皇帝的“奴才”
B.主要工作是画葫芦
C.接替丞相职权,替皇帝处理政事
D.可以在军机处自由地工作
15.
下图是《尼布楚条约》规定的中俄边界示意图,该条约划定了( )

A.中俄东段边界B.中俄西段边界
C.中俄中段边界D.中俄全部边界
16.阅读理解

Worlds of Fun

    Location: Worlds of Fun is located off Highway 435 in Kansas City, Missouri.

History: Worlds of Fun was opened on May 26, 1973, at a cost of 25 million dollars, which was founded by Hunt Midwest Company. In 1982, Hunt Midwest bought a nearby water park,Oceans of Fun, In 2013, Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun were combined to a one ticket admission, providing all guests with 235 acres of amusement and water rides.

Hours: Worlds of Fun is open from April through Halloween.

Tickets: Buy and print online. Always try to buy your tickets in advance, to save time when you get to the park.

Reservations: Worlds of Fun sells “Fast Lane” cards that save riders' time by allowing them to bypass the majority of wait for most of rides and attractions. Ride as many times as you want all day long.

Strategy (策略): Most visitors tend to begin the day with Prowler, the hottest attraction in the park. However, you'd better use that trend and head to the Patriot first. After that, try the Dragons. Then work your way back to the Prowler. After riding the Prowler, there is only one coaster left, Mamba. Hit it next. If the park is not very crowded, you can ride Boomerang on the way to Mamba. After riding Mamba, head back for a ride on the Wolf. By then you will have tried most of the popular rides and attractions in the shortest possible time.

News: In 2017, Worlds of Fun is adding Steel Hawk, a ride that will take guests up 301 feet in the air and spin (旋转) them at a 45-degree angle for a 60-second flight. Wait to have a try!

17.
近年来新疆地区发生了一些严重暴力恐怖事件,这是境内外恐怖分子勾结策划的企图分裂新疆的严重行为。在清朝前期,中央政府为打击分裂势力,加强对新疆管辖而采取的措施是( )
A.设置西域都护B.设置宣政院
C.设立三司D.设置伊犁将军
18.阅读理解

    The Peales were a famous family of American artists. Charles Willson Peale is best remembered for his portraits of leading figures of the American Revolution. He painted portraits of Franklin and Jefferson and over a dozen of George Washington. His life-size portrait of his sons Raphaelle and Titian was so realistic that George Washington reportedly once tipped his hat (脱帽打招呼) to the figures in the picture.

    Charles Willson Peale gave up painting in his middle age and devoted his life to the Peale museum, which he founded in Philadelphia. The world's first popular museum of art and natural science mainly covered paintings by Peale and his family as well as displays of animals in their natural settings Peale found the animals himself and found a method to make the exhibits more lifelike. The museum's most popular display was the skeleton (骷髅) of a huge, extinct elephant, which Peale unearthed on a New York farm in l801.

    Three of Peale's seventeen children were also famous artists. Raphaelle Peale often painted still lives of flowers, fruit, and cheese. His brother Rembrandt studied under his father and painted portraits of many famous people, including one of George Washington. Another brother, Rubens Peale, painted mostly landscapes and portraits.

    James Peale, the brother of Charles Willson Peale, specialized in miniatures (小画像). His daughter Sarah Miriam Peale was probably the first professional female portrait painter in America.

19.完形填空

    When I was 12, I really liked snowmobiles. My brother Cody and I 1 together all the time. One 2 day, my cousin, Brittany, was here, and we decided to ride our really old, yet fun snowmobile. My mom was 3 about it at first but thought that we were4careful. So we went out just as usual and my brother carefully checked everything we 5before we rode. We got on: my brother in front,6 then my cousin Brittany and I in the 7 We were riding around in the back of the woods on the edge (边缘) of the field. Our faces were 8and became red,9we didn't care .We were having tons of 10! We had gone around the woods three times when we were coming to the edge that 11 the gravel road (碎石路). There was a driveway there and then a field across the road.

    I 12 my cousin shouting, “Faster! Faster! Cody! Go faster!” As she was shouting. I was 13 the gravel road in front of us. It was coming closer and closer but we still moved with a 14 speed. Just then. I knew something was 15 I looked up at my brother and could feel he was 16 starting to worry. We went through the driveway and I watched as we sped across the road. Then, BOOM! We hit the ditch (沟) and flew through the17for a short second and then hit the ground like a18 that had just fallen from the sky. At this point, there was nothing we could do. The snowmobile tipped and we all 19. We all felt frightened.20 we didn't have any serious problems.

20.
明清时期是我国历史发展的一个重要时期,其历史发展的主流是
A.社会动荡不安与民族仇杀混乱B.统一多民族国家的巩固和社会危机
C.经济文化繁荣D.资本主义经济迅速发展
21.
明朝丝织业中出现的机房被认为是资本主义萌芽的标志,其主要依据是( )
A.使用机器生产且具有一定规模
B.生产的目的是为了用于商品交换
C.分工精细,生产有序
D.“机户出资,机工出力,计时授值”
22.阅读理解

    Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist (心理学家) John A. Bargh.

    Psychologists have known that one person's perception (感知) of another's “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable (能干的). Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.

    Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

    To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses (假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

    “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly (抽象的),” says Bargh.

23.阅读理解

    Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist (心理学家) John A. Bargh.

    Psychologists have known that one person's perception (感知) of another's “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable (能干的). Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.

    Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

    To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses (假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

    “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly (抽象的),” says Bargh.

24.
禽流感是禽流行性感冒的简称,它是一种由甲型流感病毒引起的传染性疾病。在预防和治疗H7N9禽流感过程中,下列有可能提供医治方法的著作是(  )
A.《水经注》B.《马可•波罗行纪》
C.《本草纲目》D.《天工开物》
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(2道)

    选择题:(22道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:1

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:0

    9星难题:11