人教版八年级下册生物 8.1.1传染病及其预防 练习题

适用年级:初二
试卷号:358327

试卷类型:课时练习
试卷考试时间:2019/1/16

1.综合题(共3题)

1.
浙江省开始事实“单独二孩”政策,“单独二孩”是指夫妻双方一人为独生子女,第一胎非多胞胎,即可生二胎,请回答:
(1)双胞胎也有不同的性状,这是由双胞胎各自的________决定的,怀孕期间,腹中胎儿是通过________和脐带与母体进行物质交换的;
(2)医生给刚出生的婴儿注射乙肝疫苗,从预防传染病的措施看属于________.
2.
如图表示:患了流行性乙型脑炎的哥哥睡着了,一只蚊子唱着歌飞来叮在了他身上.然后又轻轻的去咬了他的妹妹,结果几天后,她妹妹也得了流行性乙型脑炎.请回答:

(1)导致妹妹患病的传染源是________ .   
(2)从流行性乙型脑炎流行的环节来看,妹妹被传染前是________ ,传染上流行性乙型脑炎后是_________ .    
(3)蚊子在流行性乙型脑炎的传播中扮演了什么角色?_________ .    
(4)在妹妹患病前给她注射流行性乙型脑炎疫苗,会刺激她的身体内产生抵抗该病原体的________ 从而预防这种疾病,从传染病的预防措施来看,这属于________ 从免疫的角度来看,这属于_________免疫.
3.
山东省局部地区频繁发生麻疹病例,个别市疫情还有上升趋势,防控形势不容乐观.3月4日到10日,德州市在11个县市区开展麻疹疫苗补充免疫和查漏补种活动,为8月龄至3周岁儿童进行免费接种一针麻疹疫苗;同时继续在全市范围内对在校学生和35岁以下流动务工聚集人群开展麻疹疫苗查漏补种活动,以防止疫情的进一步蔓延.
请回答下列问题:
(1)麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的呼吸道传染病,与其他生命形式相比,病毒最大的结构特点是________,这种结构特点决定了它们不能独立生活,其营养方式是________.
(2)从免疫学角度分析,接种的麻疹疫苗属于________,可以在不发病的情况下刺激人体产生抵抗麻疹病毒的蛋白质;这种预防传染病流行的措施属于________.
(3)麻疹病毒在阳光下或空气流通环境中半小时就失去活力,人类是它唯一的自然寄主,在天花灭绝后,WHO(世界卫生组织)已将麻疹列为计划消灭的传染病之一.请你为预防或消灭麻疹提一条建议:________.

2.资料分析题(共1题)

4.
今年,我国部分省份相继发现人感染H7N9禽流感病例,该病是由H7N9禽流感病毒引起的,它通常只感染鸟类,少见情况会感染人、猪、马等哺乳动物.专家介绍说:“对于所有的流感,我们都建议两条预防原则:两勤三早.”“两勤”就是勤洗手、勤通风,“三早”就是早发现、早诊断、早隔离治疗.目前,为预防H7N9禽流感,科研人员正努力研制疫苗.根据上述资料,请回答:
(1)H7N9禽流感的病原体是______。
(2)科研人员正在努力研制疫苗.利用接种疫苗,刺激人体淋巴细胞产生______清除病原体,通过这种方式获得的免疫属于______免疫。
(3)预防禽流感,要做到“两勤、三早”,这分别属于传染病预防措施中的______和______。
(4)给青少年注射疫苗,可预防传染病,注射的疫苗从传染病角度说是______________

3.单选题(共10题)

5.
下列卫生习惯与预防蛔虫病无关的是(  )
A.早晚刷牙、洗脸 B.不吃没有洗干净的瓜果、蔬菜
C.不喝生水,饭前便后洗手    D.不随地大小便
6.
以下各项预防和控制“甲型H1N1流感”的措施中,属于控制传染源的是( )
A.勤洗手,注意个人卫生B.室内经常雾化消毒
C.将患者进行隔离治疗D.接种预防“甲型H1N1流感”的疫苗
7.
下列途径不会造成艾滋病传播的是(  )
A.母婴传播
B.注射毒品
C.不正当性接触
D.与艾滋病患者拥抱、握手
8.
流感发生期间,学校对教室内外均用“84消毒液”进行了喷洒,这是为了(   )
A.搞好环境卫生
B.控制传染源
C.保护易感人群
D.切断传播途径
9.
正在患急性出血性结膜炎(红眼病)的病人,属于(   )
A.病原体B.传染源C.传播途径D.易感人群
10.
正在患病毒性肝炎的人,属于(  )
A.病原体B.易感人群C.传播途径D.传染源
11.
对患有人禽流感或疑似携带人禽流感病毒的家禽进行焚毁处理,这一预防措施属于()
A.控制传染源B.切断传播途径
C.保护易感者D.清除病原体
12.
下列关于日本血吸虫感染人的过程的说法,错误的是()
A.成虫在人体内交配、产卵B.幼虫在纹沼螺体内繁殖,并进一步发育
C.虫卵在水中孵化成幼虫D.幼虫从体内逸出,钻入人体发育成成虫
13.
冬季季是流行性感冒多发季节,教室要经常开窗通风、拖地、喷洒消毒液,用湿布擦拭门窗桌椅。从预防传染病的角度,这些预防措施及传染病类型分别是()
A.切断传播途径呼吸道传染病
B.保护易感人群呼吸道传染病
C.保护易感人群消化道传染病
D.消灭病原体消化道传染病
14.
饭前便后要洗手有利于预防( )。
A.呼吸道传染病B.消化道传染病
C.血液传染病D.体表传染病

4.选择题(共3题)

15.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Do you want to be successful in everything you do? If so, then 1? Here is an example.

    There was a farmer who 2 corn(玉米) all his life. Each year he took his corn to the market. Then each time his corn was chosen as the 3 and won the first prize.

    One year a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something 4 about how he grew it. The farmer  5 his seed (做种子的) corn to his neighbours.

    "How can you share your best seed corn with your neighbours?" the reporter asked. "You know they are taking part in the 6 with you each year. "

    "Why, sir," said the farmer, "didn't you know? The 7 picks up pollen (花粉) from the corn and moves it quickly from field to field. If my neighbours grow 8 corn, cross-pollination (异花传粉) will affect the quality of my corn. So if I want to grow good corn, I must   9 my neighbours to grow good corn. "

    The farmer knows much about the connection of life.  His corn cannot improve 10 his neighbours' corn improves.

    As a great man says, "We make a living by what we 11; we make a life by what we give." We can't  12 without food, clothes, and many other things. However, a meaningful life is not decided by how much we can get, 13  by how much we can give others. Giving, instead of taking, makes us 14 from other animals.  So those who choose to live well must help others to live well and those who choose to be happy must help others to find 15 in their life.

16.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Do you want to be successful in everything you do? If so, then 1? Here is an example.

    There was a farmer who 2 corn(玉米) all his life. Each year he took his corn to the market. Then each time his corn was chosen as the 3 and won the first prize.

    One year a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something 4 about how he grew it. The farmer  5 his seed (做种子的) corn to his neighbours.

    "How can you share your best seed corn with your neighbours?" the reporter asked. "You know they are taking part in the 6 with you each year. "

    "Why, sir," said the farmer, "didn't you know? The 7 picks up pollen (花粉) from the corn and moves it quickly from field to field. If my neighbours grow 8 corn, cross-pollination (异花传粉) will affect the quality of my corn. So if I want to grow good corn, I must   9 my neighbours to grow good corn. "

    The farmer knows much about the connection of life.  His corn cannot improve 10 his neighbours' corn improves.

    As a great man says, "We make a living by what we 11; we make a life by what we give." We can't  12 without food, clothes, and many other things. However, a meaningful life is not decided by how much we can get, 13  by how much we can give others. Giving, instead of taking, makes us 14 from other animals.  So those who choose to live well must help others to live well and those who choose to be happy must help others to find 15 in their life.

17.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Do you want to be successful in everything you do? If so, then 1? Here is an example.

    There was a farmer who 2 corn(玉米) all his life. Each year he took his corn to the market. Then each time his corn was chosen as the 3 and won the first prize.

    One year a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something 4 about how he grew it. The farmer  5 his seed (做种子的) corn to his neighbours.

    "How can you share your best seed corn with your neighbours?" the reporter asked. "You know they are taking part in the 6 with you each year. "

    "Why, sir," said the farmer, "didn't you know? The 7 picks up pollen (花粉) from the corn and moves it quickly from field to field. If my neighbours grow 8 corn, cross-pollination (异花传粉) will affect the quality of my corn. So if I want to grow good corn, I must   9 my neighbours to grow good corn. "

    The farmer knows much about the connection of life.  His corn cannot improve 10 his neighbours' corn improves.

    As a great man says, "We make a living by what we 11; we make a life by what we give." We can't  12 without food, clothes, and many other things. However, a meaningful life is not decided by how much we can get, 13  by how much we can give others. Giving, instead of taking, makes us 14 from other animals.  So those who choose to live well must help others to live well and those who choose to be happy must help others to find 15 in their life.

5.填空题(共3题)

18.
传染病是指由_____引起的,能在_____或_____之间传播的疾病,具有_____性和_____性.
19.
传染病流行必须同时具备________、传播途径和________这三个基本环节.
20.
孙悟和小华去拿橘子吃,发现很多橘子都长了青霉,而用小保鲜袋分别包装的橘子没有张青霉。他们有了下面的对话,请你补充完整。
孙悟:早几天只有一个橘子上长了一点点青霉,早把它丢掉就好了。
小华:这个现象很像传染病哎!从传染病流行的三个环节来看,长青霉的橘子就像    ,好橘子就像易感人群。
孙悟:青霉就像引起传染病的 ,从传染病的措施来看,丢掉长青霉的橘子代表控制传染源,用保鲜膜包装新鲜橘子则代表
小华:我们用橘子长青霉的现象说明传染病的传播和预防,就是老师说过的    实验法呀。
孙悟:青霉的孢子是通过空气传播的,用橘子长青霉的现象 (填合适或不合适)说明细菌性痢疾的传播。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(3道)

    资料分析题:(1道)

    单选题:(10道)

    选择题:(3道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:12

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:3

    9星难题:2