2017-2018学年第二学期苏教版八年级下册生物第八单元生物的生殖、育与遗传单元综合

适用年级:初二
试卷号:352675

试卷类型:单元测试
试卷考试时间:2018/5/19

1.综合题(共1题)

1.
如图1为小美同学体细胞中,控制眼睑性状的一对基因Aa位于一对染色体上的示意图.请分析作答:

(1)图中染色体的成分主要是蛋白质和________.   
(2)小美是个女生,她体细胞中的性染色体组成是________.   
(3)小美的妈妈为单眼皮(已知双眼皮为显性),其产生的卵细胞类型是如图2中的________(填写序号).   
(4)小美想有一个弟弟,若小美父母再生一个孩子是男孩的概率是________.

2.单选题(共19题)

2.
利用扦插、嫁接等方法繁殖果树或花卉,最主要的优点在于(  )
A.缩短植株成熟时间B.增强植株的生命力
C.有利于大量繁殖新个体D.保留亲代的优良性状
3.
用嫁接的方法来培育新品种,嫁接的关键是(  )
A.接穗要保持湿润
B.接穗和砧木的形成层要紧密的结合在一起
C.嫁接的时间要选好
D.选择好砧木和接穗
4.
茉莉是一种常见的花卉植物.如图是茉莉的一种繁殖方法,下列相关描述正确的是(  )
A.这种方法称为嫁接B.这种繁殖方式属于无性繁殖
C.繁殖出的植株性状差异很大D.这种繁殖方法常用于培育新品种
5.
下列属于有性生殖的繁殖方式为(  )
A.用根繁殖B.用茎繁殖C.用种子繁殖D.用叶繁殖
6.
“有意栽花花不发,无心插柳柳成荫”主要用的是哪种繁殖方式?(  )
A.有性生殖B.扦插C.嫁接D.压条
7.
比较昆虫、两栖动物、鸟类的生殖发育过程,你认为维恩图中①②③处代表的内容依次是

A. 变态发育卵生空中飞行
B. 变态发育卵生体内受精
C. 卵生体内受精变态发育
D. 变态发育体内受精卵生
8.
两栖动物即使生活在陆地,但也不能远离水,原因可能是(  )
①食物是水边生活的昆虫②体表没有覆盖物,容易失去水分
③皮肤有呼吸作用,不能干燥④受精作用离不开水
A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④
9.
家鸽的生殖发育方式比青蛙的高等,主要体现在哪些方面()
①卵生②胎生③体内受精④体外受精⑤卵外有卵壳保护⑥有孵卵、育雏行为
A.①③⑥B.①②④C.①③⑤D.③⑤⑥
10.
下列关于基因的叙述中,错误的一项是(  )
A.基因是遗传物质中决定生物性状的小单位
B.基因是成对存在的
C.精子和卵细胞中基因是不成对的
D.一对基因,一个来自父方,一个来自母方
11.
如图为某生物体细胞中基因位于染色体上的示意图,下列有关叙述不正确的是(  )
A.A表示显性基因,a表示隐性基因
B.如果A来自父方,则a来自母方
C.该个体表现出来的是A基因控制的性状
D.该个体产生的后代不可能表现出a基因控制的性状
12.
水稻的体细胞有12对染色体,则它的精子、卵细胞和受精卵的染色体数目分别是(  )
A.12对,12对,12对B.12条,12对,12对
C.12条,12条,12对D.12条,12条,12条
13.
关于基因显、隐性的说法,正确的是(  )
A.成对的基因一定有显、隐性之分
B.隐性基因控制的性状是不能表现出来的
C.一对显性和隐性基因位于一条染色体上
D.显性和隐性基因同时存在时,只表现显性基因控制的性状
14.
下列属于相对性状的是(  )
A.狗的长毛和卷毛B.兔的长毛和猴的短毛
C.豌豆的圆粒和黄粒D.豌豆的高茎和矮茎
15.
绵羊的白色由显性基因(R)控制,黑色由隐性基因(r)控制。现有一只白色公羊与一只白色母羊交配,生了一只黑色小羊。那只公羊和母羊的基因组成分别是(  )
A. Rr、Rr   B. RR、RR C. RR、rr   D. Rr、RR
16.
下列有关染色体的叙述中,错误的是
A.DNA主在存在于染色体上
B.体细胞内的染色体是成对存在的
C.染色体主要由DNA和RNA组成
D.每对染色体中的一条来自父方,另一来自母方
17.
人类上一代把遗传物质传给下一代是通过
A.性状B.受精卵C.胚胎D.精子和卵细胞
18.
人类双眼皮为显性,单眼皮为隐性。某年轻夫妇均为单眼皮,生了一个单眼皮的女孩。后来母亲去美容院通过外科手术变成了双眼皮,该夫妇如果再生一个孩子是双眼皮的机率为()
A.0B.25%C.50%D.100%
19.
从产奶量不同的奶牛中培育出高产奶牛主要是通过什么方法( )
A.改良饲料B.自然突变C.人工选择D.改善环境
20.
从生殖方式的角度来看,“克隆”实际上属于
A.无性生殖B.有性生殖C.营养繁殖D.孢子生殖

3.选择题(共5题)

21.在一个草原生态系统中,数量最多的是(    )
22.下列关于物质的性质和用途说法不正确的是(   )
23.

Mr Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, "if anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea."
"OK, Dad," said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn’t remember this, he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it every now and then.
Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was of no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.
The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, "Where is your father?" The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, "No more."
The man was very surprised. He asked, "No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?"
"Burnt yesterday evening."





24.下表是某校合唱团成员的年龄分布

年龄/岁

13

14

15

16

频数

5

15

x

10﹣x

对于不同的x,下列关于年龄的统计量不会发生改变的是(   )

25.

                                                                      Winners Club
   Winners Club is a bank account (账户) specially for teenagers. It has been sep up to help you better manage your money. The club is a bank account where you receive a key-card, so you can enjoy dealing with your money 24/7 — that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!
Here are the features (特点) of the club.
                                                     No account keeping fees (费用)!
   You're not a rich man, so we don't expect you to pay large fees. In fact, it's free for all the service!
                                                     Excellent interest rates (利率)!
   You want your money to grow, right? If you put money into the club without taking it out for a year, the club will give you a good rate of interest.
                                                             Convenient (方便)!
   Teenagers are busy — we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job!
                                                   A free magazine included!
   Besides your account report, you will receive a free magazine full of good ideas about making more money. There are also other fantastic offers only for the club members.
                                                         Easy to be a member!
   It is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form (申请表). By the way, one of your parents must agree on it. Then you can become a member of the club.
   Now you see the club is a great choice for teenagers. We can't wait to have you as a Winners Club member.

4.填空题(共1题)

26.
牛的毛色有黑色和棕色,如果两头黑色牛交配产生了一头棕色小牛,请回答:
(1)黑色和棕色哪种是     显性性状。
(2)如果用B和B表示牛的毛色是显性基因和隐性基因,写出上述两头黑牛及棕色小牛的基因组成   
(3)上述两头黑牛交配繁殖生出黑色小牛的可能性是    
(4)如果用一头雄牛与多头雌牛(基因组成为BB)交配,出生20头小牛,全部为黑色,则此雄牛的基因型最可能是
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(1道)

    单选题:(19道)

    选择题:(5道)

    填空题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:14

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:6

    9星难题:1