阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一：1861年2月19日颁布的《解放法令》是充分保证地主利益的前提下实施的，地主因土地被分配给农民可以得到政府付给的长期国债券，而农民则必须交纳49年的赎地费给政府。农民在改革中得到的土地，按1861年的土地市价计算仅值5亿多卢布，但到1905年为止，农民共付出20亿卢布赎金。

——摘自《农业资本主义与民族国家的现代化道路》

材料二：1870年，日本民部省提出：士、农、工、商同受国家保护，士、工、商不纳税，而让农民承担重税是不公平的，“必须减重增轻，使天下民产得以平均”；1872年，明治政府向土地所有者发放了地契，承认地主和自耕农的土地所有权；1873年，颁布《地税改革条例》，规定：向土地所有者按地价3%的税率征收现款作为地税。这些措施在保证农民土地所有权的同时减轻了农民的税负。

——摘自《明治维新以来日本的农业和农村政策》

阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一：1861年2月19日颁布的《解放法令》是充分保证地主利益的前提下实施的，地主因土地被分配给农民可以得到政府付给的长期国债券，而农民则必须交纳49年的赎地费给政府。农民在改革中得到的土地，按1861年的土地市价计算仅值5亿多卢布，但到1905年为止，农民共付出20亿卢布赎金。

——摘自《农业资本主义与民族国家的现代化道路》

材料二：1870年，日本民部省提出：士、农、工、商同受国家保护，士、工、商不纳税，而让农民承担重税是不公平的，“必须减重增轻，使天下民产得以平均”；1872年，明治政府向土地所有者发放了地契，承认地主和自耕农的土地所有权；1873年，颁布《地税改革条例》，规定：向土地所有者按地价3%的税率征收现款作为地税。这些措施在保证农民土地所有权的同时减轻了农民的税负。

——摘自《明治维新以来日本的农业和农村政策》

   Do you know HFMD? It's short for Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease. This year, in China, thousands of children were suffering from it. What's HFMD? How to prevent it? Now, read the passage please.
   HFMD usually affects babies who are 1~4 years old, but adults can also be infected. Both EV71 and Cox A16 can cause HFMD, which usually starts with a slight fever followed by blisters (水泡) and ulcers (溃疡) in the mouth and rashes (皮疹) on the hands and feet. It can be spread through people with the mucus (唾液) or feces (粪便) of an infected person. It usually appears during the summer and autumn months. HFMD isn't Bird Flu, SARS or Mad Cow Disease, but it’s not a new one, either. It first appeared in New Zealand in 1957. About forty years later, it appears in Asia. It's reported that it breaks out every 2 or 3 years.
   HFMD is very terrible and there is no vaccine (疫苗) now, but we can do something helpful to prevent it. ‘Children with HFMD should seek medical treatment as early as possible’, experts say. They also suggest that parents keep the air fresh in a child's room, which should be kept clean, tidy and dry. Children should be taught to wash their hands regularly. Staying away from crowded public places is also basic.