2011-2012学年福建省武夷山市八年级上学期期末考试生物试卷

适用年级:初二
试卷号:345487

试卷类型:期末
试卷考试时间:2012/2/24

1.综合题(共2题)

1.
右图为关节的剖面示意图,请据图回答:

(l)能把相邻两骨牢固地联系起来的结构是图中的[  ] (填序号)关节囊 。
(2)关节能灵活运动,一是关节面上覆盖有关节软骨,二是[ ③ ]  内有滑液,可减少摩擦。 
(3)骨的位置的变化产生运动,但是骨本身是不能运动的,骨的运动要靠     的牵拉。图中①和④共同构成关节基本结构中的  。
(4)在你身体上有许多关节,请任意说出某一个关节的名称:
2.
下图是人的性别决定示意图,请填写图中的空格:(注意:本题共有7个空格哦)

2.判断题(共3题)

3.
从蝗虫的发育过程看,捕杀蝗虫的最佳时期是成虫期。…………………… (   )
4.
“金蝉脱壳”这个成语,从生物学角度看,蝉与蝗虫一样在发育过程中存在蜕皮现象。   ……………………………………………………………………… (   )
5.
鸟类的筑巢、孵卵、育雏等行为,可以提高其后代的成活率。(___)

3.选择题(共12题)

6.

若矩形ABCD的对角线长为10,点E、F、G、H分别是AB、BC、CD、DA的中点,则四边形EFGH的周长是{#blank#}1{#/blank#} 

7.

Thousands of trees must _______ every year.

8.

完形填空

   The computer was one of the most important inventions in our life. The first computer was as large as a room.

Now some computers are as   1    as television sets. Some computers can even be smaller than a book. About 20 years ago, the computer was a strange machine in China. Not many people   2    it and said yes to it.

         Today much of that is   3 . In 1984, when Deng Xiaoping  4   two pupils working on the computers in Shanghai, he said that computer lessons     5 start from children. So there was the first computer book for middle school students. Now in Shanghai   6    all middle schools have classrooms for computer courses(课程). Some of the students now have their   7  computers at home. With the help of the Internet, they can send and    8   messages and e-mails. They can learn about the world more quickly.

         Now people are    9    using computers in banks, factories, airports and so on. The computer is coming into everyone’s life, so it is important to learn     10  to use a computer freely.


9.

完形填空

   The computer was one of the most important inventions in our life. The first computer was as large as a room.

Now some computers are as   1    as television sets. Some computers can even be smaller than a book. About 20 years ago, the computer was a strange machine in China. Not many people   2    it and said yes to it.

         Today much of that is   3 . In 1984, when Deng Xiaoping  4   two pupils working on the computers in Shanghai, he said that computer lessons     5 start from children. So there was the first computer book for middle school students. Now in Shanghai   6    all middle schools have classrooms for computer courses(课程). Some of the students now have their   7  computers at home. With the help of the Internet, they can send and    8   messages and e-mails. They can learn about the world more quickly.

         Now people are    9    using computers in banks, factories, airports and so on. The computer is coming into everyone’s life, so it is important to learn     10  to use a computer freely.


10.

在大课间活动中,体育老师对甲、乙两名同学每人进行10次立定跳远测试,他们的平均成绩相同,方差分别是=0.20,=0.16,则甲、乙两名同学成绩更稳定的是{#blank#}1{#/blank#} 

11.

完成句子

①谢谢你借给我英语字典。

Thank you {#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} your English-dictionary to me.

②他决定打篮球而不是踢足球。

He decides to play basketball {#blank#}3{#/blank#} {#blank#}4{#/blank#} play football.

③ 他总是在晚饭后浏览晚报。

He always {#blank#}5{#/blank#} {#blank#}6{#/blank#} the evening newspaper after supper.

④ 森林将来会从地球上消失吗?

Will forest disappear from the earth {#blank#}7{#/blank#} {#blank#}8{#/blank#} {#blank#}9{#/blank#}?

⑤ 他每次将一粒花生扔进嘴里。

He threw the peanuts into his mouth one {#blank#}10{#/blank#} {#blank#}11{#/blank#} {#blank#}12{#/blank#}.

12.

完成句子

①谢谢你借给我英语字典。

Thank you {#blank#}1{#/blank#} {#blank#}2{#/blank#} your English-dictionary to me.

②他决定打篮球而不是踢足球。

He decides to play basketball {#blank#}3{#/blank#} {#blank#}4{#/blank#} play football.

③ 他总是在晚饭后浏览晚报。

He always {#blank#}5{#/blank#} {#blank#}6{#/blank#} the evening newspaper after supper.

④ 森林将来会从地球上消失吗?

Will forest disappear from the earth {#blank#}7{#/blank#} {#blank#}8{#/blank#} {#blank#}9{#/blank#}?

⑤ 他每次将一粒花生扔进嘴里。

He threw the peanuts into his mouth one {#blank#}10{#/blank#} {#blank#}11{#/blank#} {#blank#}12{#/blank#}.

13.

完形填空

   It was not until books were produced that knowledge really    1   quickly around the world.

      For centuries, books were rare and very    2  . Each one was written    3     ! So it is understandable that one book took many months   4 . Today, a printer can produce    5    books in a day. Instead of being expensive, books these days are light, cheap and easy to get hold of. However many of these books are    6    ancient to be held and studied by many people. They need to be kept     7 away from danger. So here in the British Library, the latest technology has  8 download pages of these books onto a computer. This system has been developed   9     readers will be able to touch, read and study these beautiful ancient books. Have a look at the screen here. It is possible   10    the pages of the book, just as you would turn a normal book, by pressing a button. And on this part of the screen, helpful information about the book is displayed.

14.

完形填空

   It was not until books were produced that knowledge really    1   quickly around the world.

      For centuries, books were rare and very    2  . Each one was written    3     ! So it is understandable that one book took many months   4 . Today, a printer can produce    5    books in a day. Instead of being expensive, books these days are light, cheap and easy to get hold of. However many of these books are    6    ancient to be held and studied by many people. They need to be kept     7 away from danger. So here in the British Library, the latest technology has  8 download pages of these books onto a computer. This system has been developed   9     readers will be able to touch, read and study these beautiful ancient books. Have a look at the screen here. It is possible   10    the pages of the book, just as you would turn a normal book, by pressing a button. And on this part of the screen, helpful information about the book is displayed.

15.

完形填空

   It was not until books were produced that knowledge really    1   quickly around the world.

      For centuries, books were rare and very    2  . Each one was written    3     ! So it is understandable that one book took many months   4 . Today, a printer can produce    5    books in a day. Instead of being expensive, books these days are light, cheap and easy to get hold of. However many of these books are    6    ancient to be held and studied by many people. They need to be kept     7 away from danger. So here in the British Library, the latest technology has  8 download pages of these books onto a computer. This system has been developed   9     readers will be able to touch, read and study these beautiful ancient books. Have a look at the screen here. It is possible   10    the pages of the book, just as you would turn a normal book, by pressing a button. And on this part of the screen, helpful information about the book is displayed.

16.

已知a、b为两个连续整数,且a<17<b,则a+b={#blank#}1{#/blank#} 

17.

计算:-12×12-2-π-30={#blank#}1{#/blank#} 

4.单选题(共11题)

18.
下列动物的受精方式属于体外受精的是()
A.青蛙B.家鸽C.家兔D.蝗虫
19.
白、黄、棕、黑不同人种肤色不同,根本原因是
A.生活环境不同
B.遗传的物质基础不同
C.生活习惯不同
D.营养状况不同
20.
下列性状中,属于相对性状的是(  )
A.狗的黄毛和鹅的白毛B.狗的黑毛和黄毛
C.狗的卷毛和黄毛D.蛇的爬行和鹅的游泳
21.
张鹏可能遗传了父亲绘画的天赋,但他后天不勤奋练习绘画,终未能成为像他父亲一样的绘画高手。这句话说明了(   )
A.性状表现是由遗传物质控制的
B.性状表现是只与环境的作用有关
C.性状表现是由遗传物质和环境共同作用的结果
D.性状表现有时由遗传物质控制,有时由环境控制
22.
在下列基因与性状相互关系的概念图中,书写正确的是(   )。
A.某个基因→(控制)性状→(指导合成)蛋白质
B.某个基因→(指导合成)蛋白质→(表达)性状
C.蛋白质→(控制)基因→(表达)性状
D.以上三种写法都正确
23.
下列疾病中不属于遗传病的是……………………………………(   )
A.艾滋病 B.白化病C.先天性唇裂D.色盲
24.
小明是个活泼可爱的男孩子,他的体细胞中染色体组成为(  )
A.44条常染色体+XY性染色体B.44条常染色体+XX性染色体
C.22条常染色体+Y性染色体D.22条常染色体+ X性染色体
25.
下列现象中,能遗传的是()
A.父亲因车祸而断腿B.多施肥的水稻产量提高
C.夏天多晒太阳皮肤变黑D.白化病人的皮肤不会晒黑
26.
如果把生物体比喻为一个建筑物,那么建造这个建筑物的“蓝图”和“主要构件”分别是(   )
A.基因(组)和蛋白质    B.细胞和细胞核
C.受精卵和遗传信息D.DNA和染色体
27.
有一对少数民族夫妇第一胎生了一个女孩,准备再生第二胎,那么,第二胎的性别(   )
A.一定是女孩B.一定是男孩
C.生男孩的可能性大D.生男生女机会均等
28.
关于变异的说法,不正确的是(  )
A.遗传物质发生变化的变异是可遗传的变异
B.遗传是普遍存在的而变异是不普遍存在的
C.为生物进化提供材料的变异主要指可遗传的变异
D.变异在农业生产上的应用主要用来育种

5.填空题(共5题)

29.
探究动物的先天性行为。
背景:菜青虫总是取食十字花科植物(如小白菜叶等),而不喜欢取食其他植物(如樟树叶、柳树叶等),这是由于十字花科植物中有菜青虫喜欢的某种物质。
一、提出问题:菜青虫总是取食十字花科植物,这一行为是先天性行为吗?
二、作出假设:         。
三、制定计划:
(1)请你在下面2种方案中选择一种你认为合理的方案,并说明理由……………… (  )
  A. 去菜地里直接选取现成的菜青虫进行实验。
B. 去菜地里选取虫卵,在隔离状态下孵化出菜青虫后进行实验。
你的理由是  。
(2)你认为每一组菜青虫的数量最好用……………………………………………… (  )
A.1只 B.15只
你的理由是  。
你认为这个实验的变量是   。
30.
保护动物多样性的措施包括      保护、       保护和法制教育和管理,其中最有效的措施是           
31.
营养繁殖是指不经两性  的融合,由母体的一部分营养器官直接发育成新个体。这种繁殖既可达到植物快速繁殖的目的,又可保持母体的  
32.
我国养蚕的历史悠久,古代的“丝稠之路”闻名遐尔,你可能也养过蚕。请你回答:
(1)蚕的一生依次要经历__   _____、幼虫、_________、成虫四个发育时期,这种发育过程叫做     变态发育。
(2)蝗虫和蚕的发育过程中,不同点是蝗虫没有________时期,因此,像蝗虫这样的发育过程叫做_______    __变态发育。
33.
人类的有耳垂和无耳垂是由一对基因控制的,有耳垂是由显性基因(R)控制,无耳垂是由隐性基因(r)控制。小明发现自己无耳垂,而他的父母有耳垂。请分析回答:
(1)父亲的基因组成是    ,小明的基因组成是    
(2)控制小明耳垂的基因一个来自   ,一个来自    
(3)小明父母所生子女中,其性状表现的比例: (请选填:25%或50%或75%)是有耳垂, (请选填:25%或50%或75%)是无耳垂。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    综合题:(2道)

    判断题:(3道)

    选择题:(12道)

    单选题:(11道)

    填空题:(5道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:2

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:18