2014届中考化学专项练习 第七单元 燃料及其利用(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:320148

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/8/18

1.单选题(共11题)

1.
(2011•滨州)森林着火时,救火员开辟防火隔离带的目的是()
A.隔绝空气
B.开辟道路以利于运水灭火
C.隔离可燃物
D.使可燃物温度降低到着火点以下
2.
纸火锅在一些地方悄然兴起,纸火锅的材料是普通的纸,使用时不会点燃的原因是(  )
A.纸火锅里的汤使纸与空气隔绝B.纸火锅被加热时纸的着火点升高了
C.纸火锅的纸不是可燃物D.纸火锅里的汤汽化吸热,使温度达不到纸的着火点
3.
餐厅服务员都用盖子熄灭酒精灯火锅,该灭火的主要原理是( )
A.清除可燃物B.降低可燃物的着火点
C.隔绝空气D.使可燃物的温度降低到着火点以下
4.
下列处理事故的方法错误的是
A.厨房煤气管道漏气,立即关闭阀门并开窗通风
B.电器着火应先切断电源,再用二氧化碳灭火器扑灭
C.图书馆内图书起火,立即用泡沫灭火器扑灭
D.扑灭森林火灾的有效方法之一,是将大火蔓延路线前的一片树木砍掉
5.
下列不是燃烧需要的条件是()
A.可燃物B.氧气C.压强D.达到燃烧所需的最低温度
6.
人类生活需要能量,下列能量是通过发生化学变化产生的是(    )
A.给电熨斗通电产生的热量
B.水电站利用水力发电产生的电能
C.液化石油气燃烧放出的热量
D.给电动车充电,储存在电瓶内的能量
7.
下列不属于化石能源的是( )
A.水能B.煤C.石油D.天然气
8.
氢气是一种高效而无污染的理想能源。下列①~⑥是某化学兴趣小组的学生查阅资料归纳的工业上制取氢气的方法。其中包括正在研究的方案。
①电解法:2H2O2H2↑ +O2
②甲烷转化法:CH4+H2OCO+3H2
③水煤气法:C+H2OCO+H2
④碳氢化合物热裂法:CH4C+2H2
⑤设法将太阳光聚焦产生高温使水分解:2H2O2H2↑+O2
⑥寻找高效催化剂使水分解产生氢气
如果将来人类广泛使用氢气作为能源,那么上述6种方法中你认为可行的有 ,并请简述不可行方法的原因。
9.
能源问题是当今世界三大问题之一,下列有关能源的叙述中不正确的是()
A.乙醇汽油中添加的乙醇属于可再生能源
B.人类通过化石燃料获得能量的过程是物理变化
C.将煤球制成“蜂窝煤”是为了增大与空气的接触面积,使其燃烧更充分
D.我国南海海底储藏了大量“可燃冰”,它将成为替代化石燃料的新能源
10.
 )
①向试管中装入锌粒
②检验装置的气密性
③向试管里倒人硫酸,并塞紧带导管的单孔塞
④收集氢气
⑤将试管固定在铁架台上
A.①②③④⑤B.②①③⑤④
C.②③①④⑤D.①③②⑤④
11.
化石燃料资源将日趋枯竭,太阳能、风能、氢能和核能等新能源的使用范围将越来越广。下列有关说法中,错误的是
A.水力发电,符合“低碳经济”理念
B.风力发电时,不会对大气造成污染
C.太阳能发电时,太阳能直接转化为化学能
D.煤和石油都是化石燃料

2.选择题(共11题)

12.下列属于人在炎热环境中身体变化的是(  )

①皮肤血管收缩           ②增加皮肤的血流量          ③汗腺分泌增多

④汗液几乎不分泌         ⑤代谢活动增强.

13.下列属于人在炎热环境中身体变化的是(  )

①皮肤血管收缩           ②增加皮肤的血流量          ③汗腺分泌增多

④汗液几乎不分泌         ⑤代谢活动增强.

14.下列属于人在炎热环境中身体变化的是(  )

①皮肤血管收缩           ②增加皮肤的血流量          ③汗腺分泌增多

④汗液几乎不分泌         ⑤代谢活动增强.

15.下列属于人在炎热环境中身体变化的是(  )

①皮肤血管收缩           ②增加皮肤的血流量          ③汗腺分泌增多

④汗液几乎不分泌         ⑤代谢活动增强.

16.如图为血糖的来源和去路示意图,请填写下列内容:

17.完形填空

    In order to change the way Americans think about their trash footprint, Rob Greenfield is going to live like the average American for one month. He'll eat, shop, and consume just like the average American who14.5 pounds of trash per day. He has to2every piece of trash he creates. That's nearly 140 pounds3the end of the month(almost his body weight)! Every coffee cup, plastic bag, pizza box, every single piece of trash be creates will be on his4, everywhere he goes.

    The idea behind Bob's “TrashMe” project is to show people the5effects of trash. Most people6think about how much waste they are producing every month. They just7their garbage bags, put them in the bin and8someone to pick them up. But what if they came face to face with a walking, talking9of overconsumption? That might get them thinking about the world's10trash problem and maybe even get them to11the amount of trash they generate.

    To make himself12to a wider audience, Greenfield has13a nonprofit film studio LivingOne to create a six-episode TrashMe web-series. He promised to deliver “a visual of14that Americans will never forget.”

    Rob's15adventure began on September 19th, and will end on October 19th. Three days in, he has already put on about 8 pounds, just a little bit16the trash that the average American produces in that time. But 30 days later, he will have put on over 130 pounds of trash. If you're wondering17on Earth he's going to carry all that garbage around, you should know that he will be wearing a custom-made trash suit to18around 135 pounds of trash. Still, that's19his own body weight, so it's not going to be20to move around.

18.阅读理解

    One a February day during an unusually mild winter, I found myself missing the snowy beauty. I enjoyed the feeling that comes from watching snow fall gently from heaven while I'm cosy inside with a good fire burning in the stove. But there were more serious concerns, like the lack of rainfall making our woods more accessible to summer forest fires. Local ski fields and hotels, all dependent on a snowy season, felt sorry for the vacant lifts, empty restaurants and unused snowmobiles.

    Then I happened to see three little robins (知更鸟) fly into our yard. What were they doing here? West of us, in the Willamette Valley, wild flowers burst this time of year. But here in central Oregon, even if a groundhog ( 土拨鼠) had wanted to appear, it couldn't have broken through the frozen earth. And yet, these robins had arrived.

    Their presence brought me a flow of happiness. It felt like a celebration as I dug into my bag of birdseed and spread a handful on the ground. Above me, the deep blue sky was cloudless, perfectly quiet but for some smoke from a neighbor's chimney. The lively cold made the air fresh and clean.

    My robins jumped lightly toward the seed. My soul jumped with them, feeling equally carefree. Caught up in the moment of spring fever, I checked our snowless flower beds. To my delight, I spotted a green branch sticking out through the brown soil.

    Despite the cold, I wasn't ready to go back inside. Just a short meeting with those robins had renewed my spirit. The next day I would return to my outdoor work with a cheerful heart and a hopeful eye for these signs of spring.

19.阅读理解

    What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can(装罐)and preserve much of the food they consume.

    Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.

Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.

    “I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony (阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they're very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it's a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”

    Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food, knowing where it comes from.”

    In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don't take care of the earth, no one will.”

20.加拿大高中生David在互联网上登出启事(notice),希望结识一位中国朋友,以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是贵阳一中的李华,请在看到这则启事后,用英文给David发一封电子邮件。主要内容包括:

1). 你怎样得知他的愿望;

2).你愿意成为他的朋友;

3).你打算如何帮助他;

4).你盼望他的回复。

注意:词数100词左右。

Dear David,


Yours,

Li Hua

21.加拿大高中生David在互联网上登出启事(notice),希望结识一位中国朋友,以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是贵阳一中的李华,请在看到这则启事后,用英文给David发一封电子邮件。主要内容包括:

1). 你怎样得知他的愿望;

2).你愿意成为他的朋友;

3).你打算如何帮助他;

4).你盼望他的回复。

注意:词数100词左右。

Dear David,


Yours,

Li Hua

22.加拿大高中生David在互联网上登出启事(notice),希望结识一位中国朋友,以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是贵阳一中的李华,请在看到这则启事后,用英文给David发一封电子邮件。主要内容包括:

1). 你怎样得知他的愿望;

2).你愿意成为他的朋友;

3).你打算如何帮助他;

4).你盼望他的回复。

注意:词数100词左右。

Dear David,


Yours,

Li Hua

3.多选题(共1题)

23.
下列反应属于放热反应的是()
A.CaCO3CaO + CO2
B.2KMnO4K2 MnO4+ MnO2+ O2
C.2Mg + O22MgO
D.CaCO3+ 2HCl =CaCl2+ H2O + CO2

4.填空题(共3题)

24.
小文在学习“燃烧与灭火”的内容时,做了以下实验,用两种不同方法熄灭蜡烛火焰。

(1)以上实验依据的灭火原理是:
实验1    ,实验2    
(2)请你再举一个生活中灭火的实例
25.
实验证明,在同温同压下,相同体积的任何气体中含有相同的分子数。根据此结论,回答下列问题(以下气体均在同温同压下):
(1)将同体积的CO(煤气的主要成分)和CH4(天然气的主要成分)混合,所得混合气体中,碳、氢、氧三种元素的原子个数比为  。
(2)分别写出CO、 CH4燃烧的化学方程式:  、  
(3)燃气灶具是由灶体、进气管(进CO或CH4)、进风口(进空气)、开关等部件组成,使用煤气的用户在改用天然气时,进风口的主要区别是 ,你的理由
26.
天然气的主要成分是甲烷(CH4),它是一种“清洁能源”。甲烷在空气中完全燃烧生成二氧化碳和水,写出该反应的化学方程式 。城市煤气中常含有CO气体,写出CO燃烧的化学方程式 。煤气与天然气相比,从安全角度看,煤气的主要缺点是 。在点燃H2、CO、CH4这三种气体之前一定要 。从环境保护的角度考虑,煤气、天然气和氢气中,首选的燃料是   。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(11道)

    选择题:(11道)

    多选题:(1道)

    填空题:(3道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:3