2014届中考化学专项练习 第十一单元 盐和化肥(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:317818

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/8/18

1.计算题(共2题)

1.
(09肇庆)某同学为了检验家里购买的硫酸铵化肥是否合格,他称取27.5 g化肥样品与足量浓烧碱溶液加热,产生的氨气用100.0g废硫酸吸收。测得吸收氨气的溶液总质量m与反应时间t的变化如右下图所示。所涉及的反应为:
(NH4)2SO4+2NaOHNa2SO4+2H2O+2NH3↑; 2NH3+H2SO4==(NH4)2SO4
请计算:

(1)完全反应后产生氨气 g。
(2)该化肥的含氮量为 (精确到0.1%),
则这种化肥属于 (填:“合格”或“不合格”。
合格硫酸铵含氮量为20%以上)产品。
(3)请计算废硫酸中硫酸的质量分数(写出计算
过程)。
(4)若实验过程中氨气被完全吸收,但该实验测得硫酸铵化肥的含氮量高于实际值,其原因是  
2.
为测定某纯碱(Na2CO3)样品中(含有少量的氯化钠杂质)碳酸钠的质量分数,现称取6g试样放在烧杯中并滴入稀盐酸,当稀盐酸滴加至36.5g时,烧杯内溶液的总质量为40.3g(产生的气体全部逸出)。产生气体的质量与滴入稀盐酸的质量关系如图所示,试计算:

⑴A点产生气体的质量为
⑵试样中碳酸钠的质量分数(结果精确到0.1%);
⑶B点时,烧杯内溶液中溶质的化学式

2.单选题(共8题)

3.
下列化学方程式中属于复分解反应的是()
A. C+O2CO2 B. 2H2O2H2↑+O2
C. 3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2     D. HCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+HNO3
4.
(09眉山)下列化肥中,从外观即可与其他化肥相区别的是()
A.硝酸钾B.碳酸铵C.氯化钾D.磷矿粉
5.
有一包化学肥料,可能是硫酸铵、碳酸氢铵、过磷酸钙、氯化钾中的一种。取少量样品,观察到其外观为白色晶体,加水后能全部溶解;另取少量样品与熟石灰混合、研磨,没有刺激性气体放出。这种化肥是(  )
A.氯化钾
B.碳酸氢铵
C.硫酸铵
D.过磷酸钙
6.
氯化铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵和尿素都是白色固体,也是重要的化肥。下列物质能够将尿素从这四种化肥中鉴别出来的是(   )
A.氢氧化钙B.稀盐酸C.氯化钠D.水
7.
下列物质能做钾肥的是(   )
A.氯化钾B.尿素C.磷矿粉D.氨水
8.
如图是某同学鉴别NH4HCO3、NH4C1、KCl三种化肥的过程,其中试剂甲和乙分别可能是( )
A.甲:熟石灰; 乙:稀盐酸
B.甲:水;   乙:氢氧化钠溶液
C.甲:氢氧化钠溶液; 乙:水
D.甲:稀盐酸; 乙:氯化钠溶液
9.
下列购买的物质中不能作为氮肥使用的是(    )
A.硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]B.氨水(NH3·H2O)
C.硝酸(HNO3)D.尿素[CO(NH2)2]
10.
下列关于化肥的说法正确的是
A. 过磷酸钙[Ca(H2PO4)2和CaSO4的混合物]属于氮肥
B. 凡施用过化肥的蔬菜都会危害健康
C. 硫酸钾与熟石灰混合、研磨,能闻到刺激性的气味
D. 合理施用化肥能提高农作物的产量

3.选择题(共8题)

11.

下列观点中与可持续发展要求相符合的有(   )
①“围湖造田,毁林开荒”     ②“经济要上,人口要降” 
③先污染,后治理                ④“但留方寸土,传与子孙耕”  

12.

下列观点中与可持续发展要求相符合的有(   )
①“围湖造田,毁林开荒”     ②“经济要上,人口要降” 
③先污染,后治理                ④“但留方寸土,传与子孙耕”  

13.阅读理解

    You're not doomed to toss and turn every night. Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that relate to your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple sleep tips.

    No. 1: Stick to a sleep schedule

    Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Being consistent reinforces (加强) your body's sleep-wake cycle and helps promote better sleep at night. If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you're tired.

    No. 2: Pay attention to what you eat and drink

    Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Also limit how much you drink before bed, to prevent disruptive middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine — which take hours to wear off — can ruin quality sleep.

    No. 3: Create a bedtime ritual

    Do the same things each night to tell your body it's time to wind down. This might include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to light music. Be careful of using the TV or other electronic devices as part of your bedtime ritual. Some research suggests that screen time or other media use before bedtime has impact on sleep.

    No. 4: Get comfortable

    Create a room that's ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.

    Your mattress and pillow can contribute to better sleep, too. Since the features of good bedding are subjective, choose what feels most comfortable to you. If you have children or pets, set limits on how often they sleep with you — or insist on separate sleeping quarters.

    No. 5: Limit daytime naps

    Long daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep — especially if you're struggling with poor sleep quality at night. If you choose to nap during the day, limit yourself to about 10 to 30 minutes and make it during the mid-afternoon.

If you work nights, you'll need to make an exception to the rules about daytime sleeping. In this case, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight — which adjusts your internal clock — doesn't interrupt your daytime sleep.

    No. 6: Include physical activity in your daily routine

    Regular physical activity can promote better sleep, helping you to fall asleep faster and to enjoy deeper sleep. Timing is important, though. If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might be too energized to fall asleep. If this seems to be an issue for you, exercise earlier in the day.

    No. 7: Manage stress

    When you have too much to do — and too much to think about — your sleep is likely to suffer. To help restore peace to your life, consider healthy ways to manage stress. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and dividing tasks. Give yourself permission to take a break when you need one. Share a good laugh with an old friend.

    Nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night — but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve.

14.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Mr. Johnson,

    I've learned from a newspaper that some clerks are wanting in your company. I am eager to being one of them. So I am writing the letter. My name is zhang Hua. I was born in the Hebei Province and I am in good health. I've just graduated in the Computer Department of Wuhan University. I did very good in all subjects and I am especial good at computer studies and English. I can read science books in English and doing some writing in English as well.  Beside, I know a few French. And in my spare time ,I enjoy playing basketball. As is said that your company is very famous and I'll very glad if you let me work for it. My telephone number is 027-89276628.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

15.阅读理解

    Greece's finance minister says his country's financial situation is “terribly urgent” and the crisis could come to a head in a couple of weeks. Yanis Varoufakis gave the warning after eurozone finance ministers met in Brussels to discuss the final €7.2bn tranche(援助资金) of Greece's €240bn EU/IMF bailout(紧急援助).

    Ministers said Greece had made “progress” but more work was needed.

The Greek government is struggling to meet its payment obligations(责任).Earlier, Greece began the transfer of €750m (£544m, $834m) in debt interest to the International Monetary Fund - a day ahead of a payment deadline.

    “The liquidity(资产流动性) issue is a terribly urgent issue. It's common knowledge, let's not beat around the bush,” Mr Varoufakis told reporters in Brussels. “From the perspective of timing, we are talking about the next couple of weeks.”

    Greece has until the end of June to reach a reform deal with its international creditors. Its finances are running so low that it has had to ask public bodies for help. The crisis has raised the prospect that Greece might default(违约) on its debts and leave the euro.

    In a statement, the eurozone finance ministers said they “welcomed the progress that has been achieved so far” in the negotiations,” but added: “We acknowledged that more time and effort are needed to bridge the gaps on the remaining open issues.” Eurogroup chairman Jeroen Dijsselbloem said there had to be a full deal on the bailout(紧急财务援助) before Greece received any further payments. “There are time constraints(限制;约束) and liquidity constraints and hopefully we will reach an agreement before time runs out and before money runs out.” he said.

    There had been fears that Greece would default on its IMF debt repayment due on Tuesday. However, a Greek finance ministry official was quoted as saying that the order for repayment had been executed(实施) on Monday. Almost €1bn has been handed over to the IMF in interest payments since the start of May.

    It is unclear how the government came up with the funds, but the mayor of Greece's second city Thessaloniki revealed last week that he had handed over cash reserves in response to an appeal for money.

16.阅读理解

    Greece's finance minister says his country's financial situation is “terribly urgent” and the crisis could come to a head in a couple of weeks. Yanis Varoufakis gave the warning after eurozone finance ministers met in Brussels to discuss the final €7.2bn tranche(援助资金) of Greece's €240bn EU/IMF bailout(紧急援助).

    Ministers said Greece had made “progress” but more work was needed.

The Greek government is struggling to meet its payment obligations(责任).Earlier, Greece began the transfer of €750m (£544m, $834m) in debt interest to the International Monetary Fund - a day ahead of a payment deadline.

    “The liquidity(资产流动性) issue is a terribly urgent issue. It's common knowledge, let's not beat around the bush,” Mr Varoufakis told reporters in Brussels. “From the perspective of timing, we are talking about the next couple of weeks.”

    Greece has until the end of June to reach a reform deal with its international creditors. Its finances are running so low that it has had to ask public bodies for help. The crisis has raised the prospect that Greece might default(违约) on its debts and leave the euro.

    In a statement, the eurozone finance ministers said they “welcomed the progress that has been achieved so far” in the negotiations,” but added: “We acknowledged that more time and effort are needed to bridge the gaps on the remaining open issues.” Eurogroup chairman Jeroen Dijsselbloem said there had to be a full deal on the bailout(紧急财务援助) before Greece received any further payments. “There are time constraints(限制;约束) and liquidity constraints and hopefully we will reach an agreement before time runs out and before money runs out.” he said.

    There had been fears that Greece would default on its IMF debt repayment due on Tuesday. However, a Greek finance ministry official was quoted as saying that the order for repayment had been executed(实施) on Monday. Almost €1bn has been handed over to the IMF in interest payments since the start of May.

    It is unclear how the government came up with the funds, but the mayor of Greece's second city Thessaloniki revealed last week that he had handed over cash reserves in response to an appeal for money.

17.如图所示,质量相同的物体a和b,用不可伸长的轻绳跨接在光滑的轻质定滑轮两侧,a在水平桌面的上方,b在光滑的水平桌面上.初始时用力拉住b使a、b静止,撤去拉力后,a开始运动,在a下降的过程中,b始终未离开桌面.在此过程中(  )

18.某工厂有两个车间,第一车间人数占全厂总人数的65%,如果从第一车间调24人到第二车间,则两个车间人数就相等了,原来第一车间有多少人?
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    计算题:(2道)

    单选题:(8道)

    选择题:(8道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:1

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:3

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:4

    9星难题:0