2014届中考化学专项练习 第十单元 酸和碱(带解析)

适用年级:初三
试卷号:314222

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2017/8/18

1.单选题(共9题)

1.
对某无色溶液进行下列实验,根据实验现象得出的结论中,不正确的是(  )
A.滴入紫色石蕊溶液,颜色变红,则该溶液显酸性
B.滴入酚酞溶液,溶液保持无色,则该溶液显酸性
C.加入Mg粉,有气泡产生,则该溶液显酸性
D.加入CaCO3固体,有气泡产生,则该溶液显酸性
2.
下列物质俗名和化学式的对应正确的是()
A.烧碱 NaOHB.火碱Na2CO3
C.生石灰Ca(OH)2D.消石灰 CaO
3.
向pH为4的盐酸中加入下列物质,混合后溶液的pH可能会减小的是(   )
A.纯水B.氢氧化钠溶液C.pH为4的盐酸D.硫酸溶液
4.
某种能治疗胃酸过多症的药片的主要成分为氢氧化镁,在其与胃酸作用的过程中,胃液pH变化的情况是()
5.
下列物质能跟盐酸发生中和反应的是( )
A.锌粒B.氢氧化钠溶液C.氧化铜D.碳酸钠溶液
6.
有下列四种实验设计及操作,实验过程中其现象不足以说明CO2与NaOH溶液发生了反应的是( )
A.B.
C.D.
7.
小刚测定了下列4种日用品的pH,其中呈酸性的是
日用品
A.洁厕灵
B.洗涤灵
C.洗发水
D.消毒液
pH
1
7
9
12
 
A. A B. B C. C D. D
8.
如图所示,鱼、肉的新鲜度不同,其浸出液pH会发生相应变化。鱼、肉的浸出液pH变大,其新鲜度的变化情况为
A.越来越新鲜B.趋向腐败变质
C.没有发生变化D.无法判断
9.
“浸土选种”是现代农业生产常用的科学方法,取武当山特区某村土壤浸出的溶液,加入无色酚酞溶液后显红色。下表为四种农作物适宜生长的pH范围,你认为该村土壤比较适宜种植的农作物是(  )
农作物
水稻
茶树
玉米
马铃薯
pH
6.0~7.0
6.0~7.0
7.0~8.1
4.8~5.5
 
A.玉米
B.茶树
C.水稻
D.马铃薯

2.选择题(共13题)

10.完形填空

    The four famous rock stars were due to arrive at any moment and a large crowd of young people had gathered at the airport to welcome them.The police found it difficult to keep the crowd under1after the plane landed and the performers appeared.They smiled and waved2at everybody.Dressed in pink shirts and light blue trousers,and with their long hair and their musical instruments3their shoulders,the four young men looked very much4.

    In spite of the large number of policemen5,it was clear that the group would not be able to get to their waiting car6.Word had got out that they had written a new song which would be7when they performed at the grand hall that evening.They were now8with crying of “Play something! Play your new song!”

    Even the police looked9when the young men unfolded their instruments and prepared to do one of their numbers as the10for getting out of the airport.The crowd settled down and listened to the first11of the new song. As soon as it was over,there was a great burst of applause and then everyone started12and shouting like crazy. Several young women fainted and had to be carried away by the13unit which was standing by.Greedy for more, the crowd14a repeat performance.Once again the performers gave in,but when the crowd requested still another song,the group cheerfully but firmly15.

    Now closely surrounded by the police,they put away their16and stared towards their car which was some distance away.The crowd pushed forward,but the policemen,17arm in arm,prevented anyone from getting through. It took the singers a long time to reach their18.Finally,however,they got in and were just about to drive away when a young woman,who had19to get past the police,jumped onto the roof of the car.She shouted loudly as two policemen20her away and the car began moving slowly through the cheering crowd.

11.选择合适的选项补全短文。

    I still remember that summer before college.There were plans and ideas about what my college experience was going to be like, but none of them worked out as planned.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

    Use the mental health services available to you.

    That first night at college was memorable. There was scare and homesickness. Missing things from home wasn't the only reason why I felt down. The academic pressure to succeed and the social pressure to fit in are too much for some people, which don't just happen in the freshman year.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Close friends always guided me, which was important because talking helps—even if it's just with a friend. Don't be afraid to take that extra help.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    I had been ready to major in politics, philosophy and economics, in preparation for a law degree.Things changed.

    You meet new people and discover new interests.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} So, don't worry if you haven't figured out exactly what you're going to major in. It will likely change anyway.

    You're there to get a degree, but a little fun won't hurt.

    As time goes by, I'm not going to remember the grades I got on papers or the late nights spent studying. Instead, lifelong memories will include playing video games with my roommate at 3:00 am, or late-night runs with my friends after a night out. Apart from doing well inside the classroom, there are also internships(实习期) and other pressures. Employers might weigh internships more heavily than your GPA.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. It's OK to change your mind about your major.

B. You don't want to get tired of your college life early.

C. Everyone says that college is the best four years of your life.

D. Here are the things I wish I had known before my freshman year.

E. It's normal to be a little unsure of your plans once you start taking classes.

F. Getting internships and having fun with friends are also of great importance.

G. For me, there were upsets long after the days that required a map to go anywhere.

12.选择合适的选项补全短文。

    I still remember that summer before college.There were plans and ideas about what my college experience was going to be like, but none of them worked out as planned.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

    Use the mental health services available to you.

    That first night at college was memorable. There was scare and homesickness. Missing things from home wasn't the only reason why I felt down. The academic pressure to succeed and the social pressure to fit in are too much for some people, which don't just happen in the freshman year.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Close friends always guided me, which was important because talking helps—even if it's just with a friend. Don't be afraid to take that extra help.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    I had been ready to major in politics, philosophy and economics, in preparation for a law degree.Things changed.

    You meet new people and discover new interests.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} So, don't worry if you haven't figured out exactly what you're going to major in. It will likely change anyway.

    You're there to get a degree, but a little fun won't hurt.

    As time goes by, I'm not going to remember the grades I got on papers or the late nights spent studying. Instead, lifelong memories will include playing video games with my roommate at 3:00 am, or late-night runs with my friends after a night out. Apart from doing well inside the classroom, there are also internships(实习期) and other pressures. Employers might weigh internships more heavily than your GPA.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. It's OK to change your mind about your major.

B. You don't want to get tired of your college life early.

C. Everyone says that college is the best four years of your life.

D. Here are the things I wish I had known before my freshman year.

E. It's normal to be a little unsure of your plans once you start taking classes.

F. Getting internships and having fun with friends are also of great importance.

G. For me, there were upsets long after the days that required a map to go anywhere.

13.阅读理解

    Happy,angry,amazed—these are some of the emotions we like to express these days when we're sending a message on our smartphones.That's a quick way of telling someone how we're feeling.Yes,emojis have become a vital tool for communication.

    The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word "emoji" comes from the Japanese words for "picture" and "character".The number of different images has dramatically increased since then and now we have a picture for every mood or situation.

    So now we are giving this new creation the visual "thumbs-up" but have you thought why we've become so addicted to using emojis? Professor Vyv Evans has written a book called The Emoji Code, saying "increasingly, what we're finding is that digital communication is taking over certain aspects of face-to-face interaction...one of the reasons why emojis are so popular is that they really do enable us to express our emotional selves more effectively."

    Another advantage of emojis is that they are an international language—they don't use words but some pictures so they can be easily interpreted whatever your native language is. However, the emojis can sometimes be misinterpreted—if a friend sends you an emoji of a hammer, you may think he/she is angry when really he/she is saying he/she is clumsy!

    Emojis are a good way for showing similar feelings. But as linguist(语言学家) Neil Cohn says, "To many, emojis are an exciting evolution of the way we communicate, but to others, they are a linguistic Armageddon(大决战)."It does show there is a lot more to our communication than words alone but does this mean the decline in traditional writing?

14.阅读理解

The Grand Palace

    If there is one must-see sight without which no visit to Bangkok would be complete, it's the spectacular Grand Palace, undoubtedly the city's most famous landmark. Built in 1782 and for 150 years the home of the Thai King, the Royal court and the administrative seat of government, the Grand Palace of Bangkok continues to have visitors in awe of its beautiful architecture and complicated details, which is a proud salute(致敬) to the creativity and creativity and craftsmanship of Thai people. Within its walls were also the Thai war ministry, the state departments, and even the mint(铸币厂). Today, the complex remains the spiritual heart of the Thai Kingdom.

Important Notes about the Grand Palace

    A strict dress code applies. The Grand Palace with the Temple of the Emerald Buddha is Thailand's most sacred site. Visitors must be properly dressed before being allowed entry to the temple. Men must wear long pants and shirts with sleeves (no tank lops). If you're wearing sandals or flip-flops you must wear socks, in other words, no bare feet. Women must be similarly modestly dressed. No see-through clothes, bare shoulders, etc. If you show up at the front gate improperly dressed, there is a booth near the entrance that can provide clothes to cover you up properly (a deposit is required).

    Opening Hours: Daily 8:30-15:30

    Location: Na Phra Lan Road, Old City (Rattanakosin)

    Price Range: Tickets sold form 8:30-15:30 and cost 500 baht!One ticket includes entry to Vimanmek Palace and Abhisek Dusit Throne Hall.

15.阅读理解

The Grand Palace

    If there is one must-see sight without which no visit to Bangkok would be complete, it's the spectacular Grand Palace, undoubtedly the city's most famous landmark. Built in 1782 and for 150 years the home of the Thai King, the Royal court and the administrative seat of government, the Grand Palace of Bangkok continues to have visitors in awe of its beautiful architecture and complicated details, which is a proud salute(致敬) to the creativity and creativity and craftsmanship of Thai people. Within its walls were also the Thai war ministry, the state departments, and even the mint(铸币厂). Today, the complex remains the spiritual heart of the Thai Kingdom.

Important Notes about the Grand Palace

    A strict dress code applies. The Grand Palace with the Temple of the Emerald Buddha is Thailand's most sacred site. Visitors must be properly dressed before being allowed entry to the temple. Men must wear long pants and shirts with sleeves (no tank lops). If you're wearing sandals or flip-flops you must wear socks, in other words, no bare feet. Women must be similarly modestly dressed. No see-through clothes, bare shoulders, etc. If you show up at the front gate improperly dressed, there is a booth near the entrance that can provide clothes to cover you up properly (a deposit is required).

    Opening Hours: Daily 8:30-15:30

    Location: Na Phra Lan Road, Old City (Rattanakosin)

    Price Range: Tickets sold form 8:30-15:30 and cost 500 baht!One ticket includes entry to Vimanmek Palace and Abhisek Dusit Throne Hall.

16.

下面这段文言文,完成后面小题。
晏子治东阿①,三年,景公召而数(shǔ)②之曰:“吾以子为可,而使子治东阿,今子治而乱,子退而自察也,寡人将加大诛③于子。”
晏子对曰:“臣请改道易行而治东阿,三年不治,臣请死之。”景公许。于是明年上计,景公迎而贺之曰:“甚善矣,子之治东阿也!”晏子对曰:“前臣之治东阿也,属托不行,货赂不至,陂(bēi)池之鱼,以利贫民。当此之时,民无饥,君反以罪臣。今臣后之东阿也,属托行,货赂至,并重赋敛,仓库少内(nà),便④事左右⑤,陂池之鱼,入于权宗。当此之时饥者过半矣君乃反迎而贺。臣愚不能复治东阿,愿乞骸骨,避贤者之路。”再拜,便僻⑥。景公乃下席而谢之曰:“子强复治东阿,东阿者,子之东阿也,寡人无复与(yù)焉。”
——节选自刘向:说苑《理政》
【注】①东阿:齐国的阿邑,地名。 ②数:责备 ③诛:责罚 ④内(nà):纳 ⑤便:顺⑥左右:君之宠幸 ⑦便僻:恭敬得很 ⑧强:勉力 ⑨与(yù):参预,干预。

17.

下面这段文言文,完成后面小题。
晏子治东阿①,三年,景公召而数(shǔ)②之曰:“吾以子为可,而使子治东阿,今子治而乱,子退而自察也,寡人将加大诛③于子。”
晏子对曰:“臣请改道易行而治东阿,三年不治,臣请死之。”景公许。于是明年上计,景公迎而贺之曰:“甚善矣,子之治东阿也!”晏子对曰:“前臣之治东阿也,属托不行,货赂不至,陂(bēi)池之鱼,以利贫民。当此之时,民无饥,君反以罪臣。今臣后之东阿也,属托行,货赂至,并重赋敛,仓库少内(nà),便④事左右⑤,陂池之鱼,入于权宗。当此之时饥者过半矣君乃反迎而贺。臣愚不能复治东阿,愿乞骸骨,避贤者之路。”再拜,便僻⑥。景公乃下席而谢之曰:“子强复治东阿,东阿者,子之东阿也,寡人无复与(yù)焉。”
——节选自刘向:说苑《理政》
【注】①东阿:齐国的阿邑,地名。 ②数:责备 ③诛:责罚 ④内(nà):纳 ⑤便:顺⑥左右:君之宠幸 ⑦便僻:恭敬得很 ⑧强:勉力 ⑨与(yù):参预,干预。

18.

分式1a+1+1aa+1的计算结果是(  )

19.

分式1a+1+1aa+1的计算结果是(  )

20.

分式1a+1+1aa+1的计算结果是(  )

21.

关于光的色散现象,下列说法错误的是(  )

22.

关于光的色散现象,下列说法错误的是(  )

3.实验题(共1题)

23.
在一次化学课外活动中,小明和小亮做生石灰与水反应的实验时,出现了如下两种不同情况。

他们经过认真分析后一致认为,小亮的实验出现这种异常情况是由于他所用的生石灰已部分变质。于是分别设计方案如下表,进行实验验证。

请根据以上内容,回答下列问题:
(1)你认为谁的方案不正确?为什么?
(2)用化学方程式解释生石灰变质的原因   
(3)乙试剂瓶的固体中一定含有的物质是
(4)通过上述实验,你认为保存生石灰时应注意   
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(9道)

    选择题:(13道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:2

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:6

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:1

    9星难题:1