2014中考名师推荐化学常见的酸和碱

适用年级:初三
试卷号:313899

试卷类型:专题练习
试卷考试时间:2014/4/29

1.单选题(共11题)

1.
下列不属于盐酸和硫酸共有的化学性质的是()
A.能与碳酸钠反应,放出二氧化碳
B.能与镁反应生成H2
C.能与硝酸钡反应生成白色沉淀
D.能与氢氧化铜反应生成有色溶液
2.
下列各组物质中属于同一种物质的是()
A. 纯碱、火碱、烧碱 B. 盐酸、氯酸、氢氟酸
C. 熟石灰、消石灰、氢氧化钙     D. 硫酸、氢硫酸、亚硫酸
3.
利用导电装置来试验氢氧化钡溶液的导电性,观察灯泡发光,欲使灯泡完全熄灭(即溶液中无离子),应在该溶液中加入一定量的
A.Na2SO4B.H2SO4C.HClD.CuCl2
4.
下列对物质用途的叙述正确的是
A.由于盐酸能够跟金属起反应,所以不能用于金属除锈
B.氢氧化钠常用来改良酸性土壤
C.由于浓硫酸具有脱水性,所以常用作某些气体的干燥剂
D.熟石灰可以硫酸铜混合在一起配制波尔多液
5.
下列关于酸碱的说法正确的是
A.浓硫酸需要密封保存,是为了防止其与空气中的水蒸气反应
B.稀释浓硫酸时,将水沿器壁慢慢注入浓硫酸中,并不断搅拌
C.pH为11的氢氧化钠溶液加水稀释,可以配成pH为13的溶液
D.如果不慎将碱液沾在皮肤上,要用较多水冲洗,再涂上硼酸溶液
6.
能与盐酸反应生成盐和水的是
A.镁条B.氧化铜C.氯化钾D.氯化钙
7.
酸雨中含有极少量的硫酸和硝酸,它对下列生活设施危害最小的是
A.大理石围栏B.铝合金C.钢铁大桥D.柏油路面
8.
下列制备CuCl2溶液的方法中,可行的是(    )
A.Cu放入稀盐酸中充分搅拌
B.CuO放入稀盐酸中充分搅拌
C.Cu放入稀硫酸中搅拌后再加稀盐酸
D.Cu(OH)2放入MgCl2溶液中充分搅拌
9.
下列各组物质中,要借助于酸碱指示剂才能判断反应发生的是
A.氧化铜与稀硫酸B.石灰石与稀盐酸
C.氢氧化铁与稀盐酸D.氢氧化钙与稀盐酸
10.
只用一种试剂就可以鉴别NaOH、Ca(OH)2和H2SO4三种溶液,该试剂是
A.碳酸钾溶液B.紫色石蕊试液C.氯化钡溶液D.酚酞试液
11.
一些食物的近似pH为:①苹果2.9﹣3.3 ②葡萄3.5﹣4.5 ③番茄4.0﹣4.4 ④鸡蛋清7.6﹣8.0,这些食物中,胃酸过多的病人不宜多食的是
A.仅④B.仅①②C.①②③D.①②③④

2.选择题(共15题)

12.—Have you watched the boat races this Dragon Boat Festival?

—Yes.         wonderful races!

13.如图甲所示,在一次物理兴趣小组的活动中,某小组同学准备用弹簧测力计、烧杯、水、吸盘、滑轮、细线来测量木块的密度(木块不吸水,密度小于水).

14.如图甲所示,在一次物理兴趣小组的活动中,某小组同学准备用弹簧测力计、烧杯、水、吸盘、滑轮、细线来测量木块的密度(木块不吸水,密度小于水).

15.如图甲所示,在一次物理兴趣小组的活动中,某小组同学准备用弹簧测力计、烧杯、水、吸盘、滑轮、细线来测量木块的密度(木块不吸水,密度小于水).

16.        ?

—Great! Everyone had fun.

17.Look! A dog        a blind man across the road.
18.Look! A dog        a blind man across the road.
19.Emily got the first place in the Spelling Bee. We all admire her spelling ability.
20.—Don't eat junk food. It's bad for you.

        .

21.In order to have more tourists to Yunnan, we need to come up with more _______ ideas.
22.—I am worried about ________.

—Whatever the result is, don't be too hard on yourself.

23.—I am worried about ________.

—Whatever the result is, don't be too hard on yourself.

24.Each couple in China can have two        from January 1st, 2016.
25.根据短文内容,判断句子正误。

    Thang-ga(唐卡)is a special kind of painting .It was found only in Tibet,China. It started from the Tang Dynasty(唐朝). Thang-ga paintings show Tibetan people's lives. In recent years, Tang-ga paintings have caught the public's attention .At the same time,the Chinese government has also tried hard to protect the art.

    The color of Tang-ga paintings looks wonderful and special. Because of the special environment of Tibet and the excellent skills of artists, the paints(颜料) used in Thang-ga are different from other paints. They were made from minerals like gold and silver, as well as some plants. The paints were made by hand and the beautiful colors could last(持续)for hundreds of years.

    However, with the development of technology, people now use cheaper and more easily-made chemicals to make Thang-ga paints. The traditional paints used in Thang-ga paintings took a lot of work and they were made in many secret ways. Later people stopped making the paints and forgot about them. So the skills needed to make them were almost lost. The traditional Thang-ga paintings are difficult to find now.

26.根据短文内容,判断句子正误。

    Thang-ga(唐卡)is a special kind of painting .It was found only in Tibet,China. It started from the Tang Dynasty(唐朝). Thang-ga paintings show Tibetan people's lives. In recent years, Tang-ga paintings have caught the public's attention .At the same time,the Chinese government has also tried hard to protect the art.

    The color of Tang-ga paintings looks wonderful and special. Because of the special environment of Tibet and the excellent skills of artists, the paints(颜料) used in Thang-ga are different from other paints. They were made from minerals like gold and silver, as well as some plants. The paints were made by hand and the beautiful colors could last(持续)for hundreds of years.

    However, with the development of technology, people now use cheaper and more easily-made chemicals to make Thang-ga paints. The traditional paints used in Thang-ga paintings took a lot of work and they were made in many secret ways. Later people stopped making the paints and forgot about them. So the skills needed to make them were almost lost. The traditional Thang-ga paintings are difficult to find now.

3.填空题(共2题)

27.
烧水用的铝壶内壁常会附着水垢,水垢的主要成分是CaCO3,和Mg(OH)2,盐酸可以把水垢除掉,有关的化学方程式是    , ,若加入盐酸的量过多,也会损坏铝壶,其原因是 (用化学方程式表示)。
28.
病人因胃酸(含稀盐酸)过多,服用主要成分含MgCO3和Al(OH)3的药片,可缓解病情。请用化学方程式解释其原因_____。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    单选题:(11道)

    选择题:(15道)

    填空题:(2道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:0

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:11

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:0